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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Adaptations |
In evolutionary theory, the physical characteristics, skills, or abilities that increase the chances of reproduction or survival and are therefore likely to be passed along to future generations. |
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Behaviorism |
A psychological approach that emphasizes the role of environmental forces in producing behavior. |
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Cognitive neuroscience |
The study of the neural mechanisms (mechanisms involving the brain, nerves, and nervous tissue) that underlie thought, learning, and memory. |
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Cognitive psychology |
The study of how people think, learn, and remember. |
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Critical thinking |
Systematically evaluating information to reach reasonable conclusions. |
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Culture |
The beliefs, values, rules, and customs that exist within a group of people who share a common language and environment and that are transmitted through learning from one generation to the next. |
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Evolutionary theory |
A theory presented by the naturalist Charles Darwin; it views the history of a species in terms of the inherited, adaptive value of physical characteristics, of mental activity, and of behavior. |
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Functionalism |
An approach to psychology concerned with the adaptive purpose, or function, of mind and behavior. |
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Gestalt theory |
A theory based on the idea that the whole of personal experience is different from simply the sum of its constituent elements. |
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Introspection |
A systematic examination of subjective mental experiences that requires people to inspect and report on the content of their thoughts. |
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Mind/body problem |
A fundamental psychological issue: Are mind and body separate and distinct, or is the mind simply the physical brain's subjective experience? |
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Natural selection |
In evolutionary theory, the idea that those who inherit characteristics that help them adapt to their particular environments have a selective advantage over those who do not. |
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Nature/nurture debate |
The arguments concerning whether psychological characteristics are biologically innate or acquired through education, experience, and culture. |
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Psychoanalysis |
A method developed by Sigmund Freud that attempts to bring the contents of the unconscious into conscious awareness so that conflicts can be revealed. |
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Psychological science |
The study of mind, brain, and behavior. |
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Social psychology |
The study of how people are influenced by their interactions with others. |
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Stream of consciousness |
A phrase coined by William James to describe each person's continuous series of ever-changing thoughts. |
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Structuralism |
An approach to psychology based on the idea that conscious experience can be broken down into its basic underlying components. |
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Unconscious |
The mental processes that operate below the level of conscious awareness. |
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Personality Psychology |
The study of characteristics, thoughts, emotions and behaviors in people and how they vary across social situations. |