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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What role did Spain play in early Texas history and what were their motivation?
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-Established missionaries beginning in 1690 to extend Spanish domination
-Led to indelible influences in language, law, religion, and culture |
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What role did France play in early Texas history and what were their motivation?
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-Built small port in South Texas (La Salle)
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What role did Mexico play in early Texas history and what were their motivation?`
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-Acheived independence in 1821
-Unsuccessful invasions to get control of Texas -Led to indelible influences in language, law, religion, and culture |
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What role did the Republic of Texas play in early Texas history and what were their motivation?
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-No political parties
-Sam Houston was dominant political figure -Political controversy over slavery |
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What role did the Southern Confederacy play in early Texas history and what were their motivation?
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-Feared that Republican control would mean feeral effort to emancipate their slaves
-Black codes -Opposed national policy -Fell under Reconstruction -Ku Klux Klan |
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What role did the United States play in early Texas history and what were their motivation?
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-Though opposing at first, industrialized
-Adopted populism |
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What is the chronology of Texas history?
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Early years, anglo-american colonization, revolution, early statehood, post-civil war, late 19th century, early 20th century, wars and depression, postwar, gradual political change, contemperary
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What was the anglo-american colonization?
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-Spanish colonization was faulted by shortsighted economic policies
-U.S. citizens could gain land for free if one could get government grant -Moses Austin filed for settlement, but died before acceptance -Stephen F. Austin received land grant and permission to bring 300 families -Established commercial activity, organized militia, and dispersed justice -Other colonies quickly followed -Settlers came in great faith to mexican government |
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What were early conflicts and differences with Mexico that eventually led to the Texas war for independence?
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-Spanish vs. English
-Catholicism vs. Protestantism -Against slavery vs. slavery -Mexicans suffereing political instability -Authority from 800 miles away was inconsistant towards Texas -Ethnocentrism for both cultures |
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What was early Texas statehood?
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-Immediatly found itself inflated and in debt
-Annexed as 28th state December 29, 1845 -Permitted slavery -No political party -Sam Houston was dominant political figure |
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What events led to the succession of Texas from the Union?
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-Controversy over slavery
-Feared that election of A. Lincoln would mean federal effort to emancipate slaves -Seceded in February 1861 |
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What political, social, and economic environments characterize Post-Civil war Texas?
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-Continued to oppose national policy
-Confederate officials and sympathizers were elected to state and local office -Black codes restricted the activities of the former slaves -Imposed military government -Creation of the Ku Klux Klan -Threatened those voting for Republicans -Constitution of 1876, including very limited government and low taxes -Increase in state indebtedness and allegations of financial impropriety -Reformation of penal system and improved public education |
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What was the voting status of African Americans during this early part of Texas history?
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-Most were restricted of their right, some by Jim Crow laws
-Though the majority were Republican, those who could vote were forced to vote for democrats -Those voting republican faced serious consequences, sometimes fatal |
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What economic, social, and political developments characterize late 19th century?
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-Foundation of state's economy
-Conservative democrates maintained control of the state -Based on white supremacy and reaction to the Republicans -Organized labor, most notibly the agrarian movements -Labor unions, most notibly railroad labor |
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What was the status of race relations during this period?
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-"Jim Crow laws"
-Violence against former slaves was common and often fatal -Ku Klux Klan |
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What influence did Gangers and Populist have in Texas politics?
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-Relevant to farmers
-Active in local governments -Significant role in writing constitution of 1876 -Populist had belief that ordinary people lost control of government to rich corporations -Advocated monetary reforms, railroad regulation, control of corporations, and other programs aimed at making government responsible to the citizens |
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What major political figures and events characterized political development in the early 20th century?
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-The success of the mass production of oil led the Texas Attorney general to start antitrust suits, which reflects the populist ideal of a more interactive local government
-Antitrusts strengthened -Terrell Election Law of 1903: Provided a system of primary elections -Legislature curtailed child labor by setting a minimal age requirement -Pioneer pure food and drug law was enacted -Farm credit was eased -Approved bank deposit insurance plan -Poll tax was prerequisite in order to vote, advocating white supremacy -"White Primary": Rovoked minorities and allowed whites to nominate the candidates for the general election |
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What were some of the issues that dominated Texas politics during the first World War and through the depression?
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-Ku Klux Klan reflected white supremacy
-Republican because of the new ideal nominee being prohibitionist -Oil in Kilgore created thousands of jobs -Realroad commission restricted the production of oil -"Hot Oil Act": Interstate sale of oil violated state law by federal state -Private charities and local governments were unprepared to offer emergency aid -Relief came from Roosevelt's New Deal -Became one of the nation's major industrial states -Major military training site |
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What was the importance of oil to the Texas economy and how did it affect poltiical development?
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-Became the world's leading producer
-Economy was dependent on the production of oil -Became the foundation for state government revenue -Transformed ideals in relation of large and small industries -Led to growth of antitrusts |
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What is democracy?
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The form of government based on the theory that the legitimacy of any government must come from the free participation of its citizens
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What is legitimacy?
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People's belief that their government is morally just, and that therefore they are obliged to obey it
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What is federalism?
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A system of government that provides for a division and sharing of powers between a national government and state or regional governments
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What is political culture?
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A shared system of values, beliefs, and habits of behavior with regars to government and politics
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What are the differences between liberals and conservatives?
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-Conservatism: Opposes government regulation of economic life and supports government regulation of personal life
-Liberalism: Supports government regulation of economic life and opposes government regulation of personal life |
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What are the three political cultures?
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-Moralistic (Northern): Citizens understand the state and the nation as a commonwealth designed to further the shared interests of everyone, citizen participation is a widely shared value, and governmental activism on behalf of the common good is encouraged
-Individualistic (Middle): Citizens understand the state and the nation as market places in which people strive to better their personal welfare, citizen participation is encouraged as a means of individual achievement, and government activity is encouraged when it attmepts to create private opportunity and discouraged when it attemtps to redistribute wealth -Traditionalists (Southern): Citizens technically believe in democracy but do not encourage participation, and government activity is generally viewd with suspicion unless its purpose is to reinforce the power of its elites |
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What are the characteristics of the Texas population?
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-Undermisses due to millions of poor people, those of whom do not know English
-Overall increase of population in the last decade -Rapid increase of Hispanic population -Constant parcentage of African Americans -Anglo American percentage has dropped considerably -Show initial patterns of migration, influence of geography and climate, and location of cities |
