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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Who is the father of psychology?
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Wilhem Wundt
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What did Wilhem Wundt do?
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Created the first experimental apparatus in 1878
(ball being dropped vs. timing of button being pushed) to try and measure "atoms of the mind" |
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Define psychology:
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science of behavior and mental processes
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What is the biopsychosocial approach?
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1. Biology
2. Psychology 3. Social influences -each level provides a valuable vantage point for looking at behavior yet each by itself is incomplete |
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1. What are the biological aspects of the biopsycosocial approach?
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-natural selection
-genetic predisposures -brain mechanisms -hormonal influences |
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2. What are the psychological aspect of the biopsychosocial approach?
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-learned fears
-emotional responses -cognitive processing & perceptual interpretations |
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3. What are the social/cultural aspects of the biopsychosocial approach?
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-presance of others
-cultural, societal, and family expectations -peer and group influences -compelling models (media) |
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Neuroscience:
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how the body and brain enables emotions memories and sensory
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Evolutionary:
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how natural selsection traits promotoe perception of genes
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behavioral genetics:
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how much our genes and our environment influences our individual differences
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psycho-dynamics:
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behavioral response from unconscious
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behavioral:
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learned observable responses
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cognitive:
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encode process & retrieve info
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social:
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how behaviors and thinking vary across situations and cultures
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Name the 5 psych subfields:
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-basic research
-applied research -counseling psychologists -clinical psychologists -psychiatrists |
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overconfidence:
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believing that the problem is easy, when you have the answer in front of you
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scientific attitude:
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The need for curiosity
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Critical thinking:
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examines the assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions
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What is the scientific method process?
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1. Theory
2. Hypothesis 3. Operational definition 4. Replication |
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Theory:
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an explanation using integrated set of principles and organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events
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Hypothesis:
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a testable prediction, often implied by a theory
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Operational definition:
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A statement of procedures or operations used to define the research variables
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replication:
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repeating the asses of the research study usually with different participants, or situations, to see whether the outcome is the same
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what are the different modes of observation?
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-the case study
-the survey -naturalistic observation -correlation |
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The case study:
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one on one
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The survey:
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word effects (do or do not, yes and no, changes in questions)
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correlation vs. causation
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correlation means that two variables in an experiment are related
causation means that one causes the other |
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experiment:
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a research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process
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7 types of experiments:
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-random assignment
-double blind procedures -placebo -experimental group -control group -independent variable |
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double blind procedure:
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neither group knows
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What's an example of a placebo?
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sugar pill
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experimental group:
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people who get the treatment
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control group:
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do not get treatment
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**independent variable:
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the experimental factor that is manipulated (controlled)
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**dependent variable:
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the outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulation of the independent variable (depends on independent variable)
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Gluten diet causes behavioral changes. The gluten diet is an example of ___ and the changes are and example of ____.
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1. independent variable
2. dependent variable |
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Culture:
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shared ideas and behaviors that one generation passes on to the next
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Descriptive research method.
Purpose: How conducted: What is manipulated: weaknesses: |
(descriptive)
-purpose is to observe and record behavior -done via studies and surveys -nothing is manipulated -weaknesses: no control of variables |
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Correlational research method.
Purpose: How conducted: What is manipulated: weaknesses: |
(Correlatoinal)
-purpose is to detect naturally recurring relation. To assess how one variable predicts (is related to) another. -done via statistical association, sometimes among survey responses -nothing is manipulated -weaknesses: doesn't specify cause and effect |
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Experimental reseach method.
Purpose: How conducted: What is manipulated: weaknesses: |
(Experimental)
-purpose is to explore cause and effect -conducted by manipulating one or more factors -independent variables are manipulated (dependent variables are the results) -weaknesses: results may not generalize to other contexts; not ethical to manipulate certain variables |