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40 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Who is the father of psychology?
Wilhem Wundt
What did Wilhem Wundt do?
Created the first experimental apparatus in 1878

(ball being dropped vs. timing of button being pushed)

to try and measure "atoms of the mind"
Define psychology:
science of behavior and mental processes
What is the biopsychosocial approach?
1. Biology
2. Psychology
3. Social influences

-each level provides a valuable vantage point for looking at behavior yet each by itself is incomplete
1. What are the biological aspects of the biopsycosocial approach?
-natural selection
-genetic predisposures
-brain mechanisms
-hormonal influences
2. What are the psychological aspect of the biopsychosocial approach?
-learned fears
-emotional responses
-cognitive processing & perceptual interpretations
3. What are the social/cultural aspects of the biopsychosocial approach?
-presance of others
-cultural, societal, and family expectations
-peer and group influences
-compelling models (media)
Neuroscience:
how the body and brain enables emotions memories and sensory
Evolutionary:
how natural selsection traits promotoe perception of genes
behavioral genetics:
how much our genes and our environment influences our individual differences
psycho-dynamics:
behavioral response from unconscious
behavioral:
learned observable responses
cognitive:
encode process & retrieve info
social:
how behaviors and thinking vary across situations and cultures
Name the 5 psych subfields:
-basic research
-applied research
-counseling psychologists
-clinical psychologists
-psychiatrists
overconfidence:
believing that the problem is easy, when you have the answer in front of you
scientific attitude:
The need for curiosity
Critical thinking:
examines the assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions
What is the scientific method process?
1. Theory
2. Hypothesis
3. Operational definition
4. Replication
Theory:
an explanation using integrated set of principles and organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events
Hypothesis:
a testable prediction, often implied by a theory
Operational definition:
A statement of procedures or operations used to define the research variables
replication:
repeating the asses of the research study usually with different participants, or situations, to see whether the outcome is the same
what are the different modes of observation?
-the case study
-the survey
-naturalistic observation
-correlation
The case study:
one on one
The survey:
word effects (do or do not, yes and no, changes in questions)
correlation vs. causation
correlation means that two variables in an experiment are related

causation means that one causes the other
experiment:
a research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process
7 types of experiments:
-random assignment
-double blind procedures
-placebo
-experimental group
-control group
-independent variable
double blind procedure:
neither group knows
What's an example of a placebo?
sugar pill
experimental group:
people who get the treatment
control group:
do not get treatment
**independent variable:
the experimental factor that is manipulated (controlled)
**dependent variable:
the outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulation of the independent variable (depends on independent variable)
Gluten diet causes behavioral changes. The gluten diet is an example of ___ and the changes are and example of ____.
1. independent variable
2. dependent variable
Culture:
shared ideas and behaviors that one generation passes on to the next
Descriptive research method.
Purpose:
How conducted:
What is manipulated:
weaknesses:
(descriptive)
-purpose is to observe and record behavior
-done via studies and surveys
-nothing is manipulated
-weaknesses: no control of variables
Correlational research method.
Purpose:
How conducted:
What is manipulated:
weaknesses:
(Correlatoinal)
-purpose is to detect naturally recurring relation. To assess how one variable predicts (is related to) another.
-done via statistical association, sometimes among survey responses
-nothing is manipulated
-weaknesses: doesn't specify cause and effect
Experimental reseach method.
Purpose:
How conducted:
What is manipulated:
weaknesses:
(Experimental)
-purpose is to explore cause and effect
-conducted by manipulating one or more factors
-independent variables are manipulated (dependent variables are the results)
-weaknesses: results may not generalize to other contexts; not ethical to manipulate certain variables