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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Formula for an Alkane
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CnH2n+2
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How do you name an alkane?
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You count the number of carbons on the longest chain, give it the prefix corresponding to the the number that you counted, and then add the suffix -ane to the end
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How do you name a branched alkane?
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You find the longest chain as before. However, in this case you need to find the LARGEST BRANCH and make sure that it is on the lowest number. Once you have established that, you need to name that substituent as you would any other. You name these substituents by adding the -yl group.
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What does the 'n' in n-propyl mean?
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It means that it is a substituent on a carbon back and it still a straight chain alkane
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Structures that need to be memorized
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t butyl
neopentyl isopropyl sec butyl iso butyl |
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What is the ordering in naming and what are the exceptions to be careful about?
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The naming goes in alphabetical order and the exceptions are -iso, -neo, -cyclo as they are the prefixes but still go in alphabetical order.
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What is the formula for a cycloalkane?
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CnH2n
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Where do you begin counting on a cycloalkane?
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You begin counting on the carbon that has the most substitutions, as in, the carbon with the most stuff on it. Then you go in the direction that gives the largest substituent the lowest number.
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How do functional group affect the counting scheme?
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The longest chain MUST include the highest functional group at the lowest number.
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Olefins
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Alkenes
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Formula for Alkenes
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Cn+H2n
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How does having a double bond affect the counting scheme?
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If you see a double bond, you start counting from the carbon on the double bond that is furthest from the carbon chain. That means so say that the numbers 1-2 should cover the double bond in that order.
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What are ethylene, propylene, and methylene?
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The former is simply the alkane ETHENE while the latter is PROPENE. Methylene is a CH2 group with a double bond
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What is the formula for an Alkyne?
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Cn H2n-2
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What is acetylene?
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It is two carbons attached to each other with a triple bond.
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What is an alkyl Halide?
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An alkane with a halogen attached to it
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Naming alkyl halides.
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The same way as before. You count the longest chain, make sure the halogen has the lowest number.
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Difference between functional groups and substituents.
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A functional group is something that will change the ending of the name while the substituents only change the beginning of the name.
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Geminal Diols
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A carbon with 2 hydroxy groups on the same carbon
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Vicinal Diols
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Two carbons that are adjacent to each other each having a hydroxy group on them.
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How will a diol affect the naming?
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A diol is functional group so it would be designated at the end of the name.
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Isopropyl alcohol
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2 propanol
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ethyl alcohol
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ethanol
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Naming ethers
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Find the oxygen. The oxygen will break the chain into two parts. The shorter part will be the substituent. Just name that and add an -oxy to the end. The longer part will just be an alkane. Name that and just combine the two names.
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Formaldehyde, Acetaldehyde, Propionaldehyde
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They are all aldehydes. They are: methanal, ethanal, and Propanal.
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Formic Acid, Acetic Acid, Propanoic Acid
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They are all carboxylic acids. They are: methanoic acid, ethanoic acid, propanoic acid.
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Amine and Carboxyl groups
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If you see either of these, you try to give each on the lowest possible number and add to the end of the name.
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