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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Implicit Process |
-Cognitive process that occurs automatically. -Requires NO cognitive resources to occur.
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Explicit Processes |
-Cognitive Process that occurs consciously. -Requires cognitive resources to occur.
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Donders (1868) |
-First official Reaction Time experiment. -Measured the difference in reaction time between a simple and a choice reaction time task |
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Ebbinghaus (1885) |
- Curve of Forgetting
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Wundt (1897) |
-Approach: Structuralism - experience determined my combining elements of experience called sensations - Method: Analytic introspection- participants trained to describe experiences and thought processes in response to stimuli |
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Watson |
- Proposed Behaviorism - Study observable behavior - Little Albert experiment - Classical conditioning - Kid afraid of rats after loud noise was paired with presentation of rats |
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Classical Conditioning |
- Pair neutral event with event that produces an outcome - After many pairings, " neutral" event now produces that same outcome |
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Pavlov |
- Dog salivates when there's food - Trained the dog to know that when bell is rung there is food - Dog now salivates whenever the bell is rung
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Skinner (1950s) |
- Determining relationship between stimuli and response - Operant conditioning - Argued children learn language through operant conditioning |
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Operant Conditioning |
- Shapes behavior by rewards or punishment - Behavior rewarded = more likely to be repeated - Behavior punished = less likely to be repeated |
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Chomsky (1959) |
- Argued children do NOT only learn language through imitation and reinforcement - Children say stuff never heard - Children say stuff incorrect that have no been rewarded for. - Language must be inborn biological program
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Tolman (1938) |
- Trained rats to find food in 4 armed maze - 2 interpretations : - Behaviorism predicts rats learned to turn right to find food - Tolman said rats created cognitive map of maze and navigated to specific arm - When placed in different arm they navigated to arm were food was before - Supports Tolman's interpretation NOT behaviorism |
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Information - processing approach |
- A way to study the mind from insights associated with digital computer
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Broadbent (1958) |
- Only relevant info is stored
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Early Computers (1950s) |
- Processed info in stages |
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Critical Point in CP |
- Mental responses can't be measured but inferred from persons behavior - Cognitive experiments do NOT measure mind
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Behavior Approach |
- Measures relationship b/w stimuli and behavior
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Physiological Approach |
- Measures relationship b/e physiology and behavior |
