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57 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
1. Which layer chooses and determines the availability of communicating partners along
with the resources necessary to make the connection, coordinates partnering applications,
and forms a consensus on procedures for controlling data integrity and error recovery?
The Application layer is responsible for finding the network resources broadcast from a
server and adding flow control and error control (if the application developer chooses).
Which layer is responsible for converting data packets from the Data Link layer into
electrical signals?
The Physical layer takes frames from the Data Link layer and encodes the 1s and 0s into
a digital signal for transmission on the network medium.
At which layer is routing implemented, enabling connections and path selection between
two end systems?
The Network layer provides routing through an internetwork and logical addressing.
Which layer defines how data is formatted, presented, encoded, and converted for use on
the network?
The Presentation layer makes sure that data is in a readable format for the Application layer.
Which layer is responsible for creating, managing, and terminating sessions between
applications?
The Session layer sets up, maintains, and terminates sessions between applications.
Which layer ensures the trustworthy transmission of data across a physical link and is
primarily concerned with physical addressing, line discipline, network topology, error
notification, ordered delivery of frames, and flow control?
PDUs at the Data Link layer are called frames. As soon as you see frame in a question, you
know the answer.
Which layer is used for reliable communication between end nodes over the network and
provides mechanisms for establishing, maintaining, and terminating virtual circuits;
transport-fault detection and recovery; and controlling the flow of information?
The Transport layer uses virtual circuits to create a reliable connection between two hosts.
Which layer provides logical addressing that routers will use for path determination?
The Network layer provides logical addressing, typically IP addressing and routing.
Which layer specifies voltage, wire speed, and pinout cables and moves bits between devices?
The Physical layer is responsible for the electrical and mechanical connections
Which layer combines bits into bytes and bytes into frames, uses MAC addressing, and
The Data Link layer is responsible for the framing of data packets.
Which layer is responsible for keeping the data from different applications separate on
the network?
The Session layer creates sessions between different hosts’ applications.
Which layer is represented by frames?
The Data Link layer frames packets received from the Network layer.
Which layer is represented by segments?
The Transport layer segments user data.
Which layer is represented by packets?
The Network layer creates packets out of segments handed down from the Transport layer.
Which layer is represented by bits?
The Physical layer is responsible for transporting 1s and 0s in a digital signal.
Put the following in order of encapsulation:
 Packets
 Frames
 Bits
 Segments
1. Segments
2. Packets
3. Frames
4. Bits
Which layer segments and reassembles data into a data stream?
Transport
Which layer provides the physical transmission of the data and handles error notification,
network topology, and flow control?
Data Link
Which layer manages device addressing, tracks the location of devices on the network,
and determines the best way to move data?
Network
What is the bit length and expression form of a MAC address?
48 Bits
This device sends and receives information about the
Network layer.
Router
This layer creates a virtual circuit before transmitting between
two end stations.
Transport
This layer uses service access points.
Data Link (LLC Sublayer)
This device uses hardware addresses to filter a network.
Bridge or Switch
Ethernet is defined at these layers.
Data Link and Phisical
This layer supports flow control and sequencing.
Transport
This device can measure the distance to a remote network.
Router
Logical addressing is used at this layer.
Network
Hardware addresses are defined at this layer.
Data link (MAC sublayer)
This device creates one big collision domain and one large
broadcast domain.
Hub
This device creates many smaller collision domains, but the
network is still one large broadcast domain.
Switch or Bridge
This device can never run full duplex.
Hub
This device breaks up collision domains and
broadcast domains.
Router
A receiving host has failed to receive all of the segments that it should acknowledge. What can
the host do to improve the reliability of this communication session?
A. Send a different source port number.
B. Restart the virtual circuit.
C. Decrease the sequence number.
D. Decrease the window size.
D. A receiving host can control the transmitter by using flow control (TCP uses Windowing by
default). By decreasing the window size, the receiving host can slow down the transmitting host
so the receiving host does not overflow its buffers.
Which fields are contained within an IEEE Ethernet frame header? (Choose two.)
A. Source and destination MAC address
B. Source and destination network address
C. Source and destination MAC address and source and destination network address
D. FCS field
A, D. An Ethernet frame has source and destination MAC addresses, an Ether-Type field
to identify the Network layer protocol, the data, and the FCS field that holds the answer
to the CRC.
Which layer 1 devices can be used to enlarge the area covered by a single LAN segment?
(Choose two.)
A. Switch
B. NIC
C. Hub
D. Repeater
E. RJ45 transceiver
C, D. Not that you really want to enlarge a single collision domain, but a hub (multiport
repeater) will provide this for you.
Segmentation of a data stream happens at which layer of the OSI model?
A. Physical
B. Data Link
C. Network
D. Transport
D. The Transport layer receives large data streams from the upper layers and breaks these up
into smaller pieces called segments.
Which of the following describe router functions? (Choose four.)
A. Packet switching
B. Collision prevention
C. Packet filtering
D. Broadcast domain enlargement
E. Internetwork communication
F. Broadcast forwarding
G. Path selection
A, C, E, G. Routers provide packet switching, packet filtering, internetwork communication,
and path selection.
Routers operate at layer __. LAN switches operate at layer __. Ethernet hubs operate at layer __.
Word processing operates at layer __.
A. 3, 3, 1, 7
B. 3, 2, 1, none
C. 3, 2, 1, 7
D. 2, 3, 1, 7
E. 3, 3, 2, none
B. Routers operate at layer 3. LAN switches operate at layer 2. Ethernet hubs operate at layer
1. Word processing applications communicate to the Application layer interface, but do not
operate at layer 7, so the answer would be none.
When data is encapsulated, which is the correct order?
A. Data, frame, packet, segment, bit
B. Segment, data, packet, frame, bit
C. Data, segment, packet, frame, bit
D. Data, segment, frame, packet, bit
C. The encapsulation method is data, segment, packet, frame, bit.
Why does the data communication industry use the layered OSI reference model? (Choose two.)
A. It divides the network communication process into smaller and simpler components, thus
aiding component development, design, and troubleshooting.
B. It enables equipment from different vendors to use the same electronic components, thus
saving research and development funds.
C. It supports the evolution of multiple competing standards and thus provides business
opportunities for equipment manufacturers.
D. It encourages industry standardization by defining what functions occur at each layer of
the model.
E. It provides a framework by which changes in functionality in one layer require changes in
other layers.
A, D. The main advantage of a layered model is that it can allow application developers to
change aspects of a program in just one layer of the layer model’s specifications. Advantages
of using the OSI layered model include, but are not limited to, the following: It divides the
network communication process into smaller and simpler components, thus aiding component
development, design, and troubleshooting; it allows multiple-vendor development
through standardization of network components; it encourages industry standardization by
defining what functions occur at each layer of the model; it allows various types of network
hardware and software to communicate; and it prevents changes in one layer from affecting
other layers, so it does not hamper development.
9. What are two purposes for segmentation with a bridge?
A. To add more broadcast domains
B. To create more collision domains
C. To add more bandwidth for users
D. To allow more broadcasts for users
B, C. Bridges break up collision domains, which allow more bandwidth for users.
Which of the following are unique characteristics of half-duplex Ethernet when compared to
full-duplex Ethernet? (Choose two.)
A. Half-duplex Ethernet operates in a shared collision domain.
B. Half-duplex Ethernet operates in a private collision domain.
C. Half-duplex Ethernet has higher effective throughput.
D. Half-duplex Ethernet has lower effective throughput.
E. Half-duplex Ethernet operates in a private broadcast domain.
A, D. Unlike full duplex, half-duplex Ethernet operates in a shared collision domain, and it has
a lower effective throughput than full duplex
You want to implement a network medium that is not susceptible to EMI. Which type of
cabling should you use?
A. Thicknet coax
B. Thinnet coax
C. Category 5 UTP cable
D. Fiber-optic cable
D. Fiber-optic cable provides a more secure, long-distance cable that is not susceptible to EMI
interference at high speeds.
Acknowledgments, sequencing, and flow control are characteristics of which OSI layer?
A. Layer 2
B. Layer 3
C. Layer 4
D. Layer 7
C. A reliable Transport layer connection uses acknowledgments to make sure all data is transmitted
and received reliably. A reliable connection is defined by a virtual circuit that uses
acknowledgments, sequencing, and flow control, which are characteristics of the Transport
layer (layer 4).
Which of the following are types of flow control? (Choose all that apply.)
A. Buffering
B. Cut-through
C. Windowing
D. Congestion avoidance
E. VLANs
A, C, D. The common types of flow control are buffering, windowing, and congestion avoidance.
Which of the following types of connections can use full duplex? (Choose three.)
A. Hub to hub
B. Switch to switch
C. Host to host
D. Switch to hub
E. Switch to host
B, C, E. Hubs cannot run full-duplex Ethernet. Full duplex must be used on a point-to-point
connection between two devices capable of running full duplex. Switches and hosts can run full
duplex between each other, but a hub can never run full duplex
What is the purpose of flow control?
A. To ensure that data is retransmitted if an acknowledgment is not received
B. To reassemble segments in the correct order at the destination device
C. To provide a means for the receiver to govern the amount of data sent by the sender
D. To regulate the size of each segment
C. Flow control allows the receiving device to control the transmitter so the receiving device’s
buffer does not overflow.
Which three statements are true about the operation of a full-duplex Ethernet network?
A. There are no collisions in full-duplex mode.
B. A dedicated switch port is required for each full-duplex node.
C. Ethernet hub ports are preconfigured for full-duplex mode.
D. In a full-duplex environment, the host network card must check for the availability of the
network media before transmitting.
E. The host network card and the switch port must be capable of operating in full-duplex mode.
A, B, E. Full-duplex means you are using both wire pairs simultaneously to send and receive
data. You must have a dedicated switch port for each node, which means you will not have
collisions. Both the host network card and the switch port must be capable and set to work in
full-duplex mode.
What type of RJ45 UTP cable is used between switches?
A. Straight-through
B. Crossover cable
C. Crossover with a CSU/DSU
D. Crossover with a router in between the two switches
B. To connect two switches together, you would use a RJ45 UTP crossover cable.
How does a host on an Ethernet LAN know when to transmit after a collision has occurred?
(Choose two.)
A. In a CSMA/CD collision domain, multiple stations can successfully transmit data
simultaneously.
B. In a CSMA/CD collision domain, stations must wait until the media is not in use before
transmitting.
C. You can improve the CSMA/CD network by adding more hubs.
D. After a collision, the station that detected the collision has first priority to resend the
lost data.
E. After a collision, all stations run a random backoff algorithm. When the backoff delay
period has expired, all stations have equal priority to transmit data.
F. After a collision, all stations involved run an identical backoff algorithm and then synchronize
with each other prior to transmitting data.
B, E. Once transmitting stations on an Ethernet segment hear a collision, they send an
extended jam signal to ensure that all stations recognize the collision. After the jamming is
complete, each sender waits a predetermined amount of time, plus a random time. After both
timers expire, they are free to transmit, but they must make sure the media is clear before
transmitting and that they all have equal priority.
What type of RJ45 UTP cable do you use to connect a PC’s COM port to a router or switch
console port?
A. Straight-through
B. Crossover cable
C. Crossover with a CSU/DSU
D. Rolled
D. To connect to a router or switch console port, you would use an RJ45 UTP rolled cable.
You have the following binary number:
10110111
What are the decimal and hexadecimal equivalents?
A. 69/0x2102
B. 183/B7
C. 173/A6
D. 83/0xC5
B. You must be able to take a binary number and convert it into both decimal and hexadecimal.
To convert to decimal, just add up the 1s using their values. The values that are turned on with
the binary number of 10110111 are 128 + 32 + 16 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 183. To get the hexadecimal
equivalent, you need to break the eight binary digits into nibbles (4 bits), 1011 and 0111. By adding
up these values, you get 11 and 7. In hexadecimal, 11 is B, so the answer is 0xB7.
What is a difference between Collision Domain and Broadcast Domain?
Collision
domain is an Ethernet term used to describe a network collection of devices in which one particular
device sends a packet on a network segment, forcing every other device on that same
segment to pay attention to it. On a broadcast domain, a set of all devices on a network segment
hear all broadcasts sent on that segment.
What is a difference between a Hub, a Bridge, a Switch and a Router?
Hubs create one collision
domain and one broadcast domain. Bridges break up collision domains but create one large
broadcast domain. They use hardware addresses to filter the network. Switches are really just
multiple port bridges with more intelligence. They break up collision domains but create one large
broadcast domain by default. Switches use hardware addresses to filter the network. Routers break
up broadcast domains (and collision domains) and use logical addressing to filter the network
What is a difference between Connection-Oriented and Conectionless network services?
Connection-oriented services use acknowledgments and flow control to create a reliable session.
More overhead is used than in a connectionless network service. Connectionless services are
used to send data with no acknowledgments or flow control. This is considered unreliable.
Types and perpose of Ethernet cables?
The three types of
cables that can be created from an Ethernet cable are straight-through (to connect a PC’s or
a router’s Ethernet interface to a hub or switch), crossover (to connect hub to hub, hub to
switch, switch to switch, or PC to PC), and rolled (for a console connection from a PC to a
router or switch).