Chapter 1: Human Body Orientation

Front 1

gross anatomy

Back 1

Studying visible structures with the naked eye. Divided into regional & systemic.

Regional-location of things inside the body

Systemic-organized by organ system

Front 2

surface anatomy

Back 2

using body landmarks to identify structures

Front 3

Microscopic anatomy or Histology

Back 3

viewing cells & groups of cells only by microscope

Front 4

Developmental Anatomy

Back 4

changes that occur in the body from birth until death.

Front 5

Embryology

Back 5

studying how body structures form & develop from conception until birth

Front 6

pathological anatomy

Back 6

the structural changes in cells, tissues & organs caused by disease.

Front 7

Radiographic anatomy

Back 7

study of internal body structures by X-ray or image techniques to view internal structures.

Front 8

Levels of Organization

Front 9

chemical level

Back 9

atoms combine to form molecules

Front 10

cellular level

Back 10

cells are made up of molecules

Front 11

tissue level

Back 11

tissues made of different cell types

Front 12

organ level

Back 12

made up of many tissue types

Front 13

organ system level

Back 13

group of organs and tissues that perform a specific function

Front 14

organismal level

Back 14

all levels working together

Front 15

Body Regions

Front 16

Axial Region

Back 16

makes up the main axis of the body: head, neck & trunk.

Trunk is divided into:chest, abdomen,pelvis & perineum

Front 17

Appendicular Region

Back 17

consists of the limbs

Front 18

Directional terms

Front 19

Superior

Back 19

above

Front 20

inferior

Back 20

below

Front 21

anterior (ventral)

Back 21

front

Front 22

posterior (dorsal)

Back 22

back

Front 23

medial

Back 23

midline of the body

Front 24

lateral

Back 24

referring to the sides of the body

Front 25

proximal

Back 25

point of attachment of a limb(appendicular) to the trunk(axial)

Front 26

distal

Back 26

farther from attachment point

Front 27

superficial

Back 27

external structures

Front 28

deep

Back 28

internal structures

Front 29

ipsilateral

Back 29

same side

Front 30

contralateral

Back 30

opposite side

Front 31

Body Planes

Front 32

Transverse body plane (runs horizontal)

Back 32

the body is separated into the superior & inferior regions

Front 33

Frontal (Coronal) body plane (extends vertically)

Back 33

the body is separated into the anterior & posterior body regions

Front 34

Sagittal body planes (vertical)

Back 34

divide the body into right and left parts

midsagittal plane-midline

parasagittal-near the midline

Front 35

Body Cavities

Front 36

Dorsal Cavity

Back 36

located at the back of the body.

Inside the dorsal cavity is the cranial & vertebral cavities.

Cranial-houses the brain

Vertebral-houses the spinal cord. Walls of the cavity protects organs.

Front 37

Ventral Cavity

Back 37

located at the front of the body.

-superior thoracic cavity

-inferior abdominopelvic cavity

-visceral organs- lungs, heart, intestines, and kidneys.

Front 38

Serous Cavities

Back 38

serous fluid fills the space surrounding organs, each serous cavity has 2 membranes:

-visceral serosa-INNER (contact with the organs)

-parietal serosa-OUTTER

Front 39

Pleural Serous cavity

Back 39

located surrounding the lungs. tissues are continuous with each other & serous fluid allows the visceral & parietal pleura membranes to slide past each other

Front 40

Pericardial Serous cavity

Back 40

located surrounding the heart.

visceral pericardium membrane

parietal pericardium membrane

Front 41

Peritoneal Serous cavity

Back 41

located at the abdomen.

visceral peritoneum membrane

parietal peritoneum membrane