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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is sociology?
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the social science that studies human society and social behavior (human relationships) p4
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What is social interaction? p4
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how people relate to one another and influence each other's behavior p4
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What does the sociology term "social phenomena" mean? p4
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an observable fact or event that involves the human society p4
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What does the phrase sociological perspective mean? p4
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a viewing of the behavior of groups in a systematic way p4
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What does the sociological phrase "sociological imagination" mean?
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ability to see the connection between the larger world and our personal lives p5
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What are social sciences?
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related disciplines that study various aspects of human social behavior p7
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What are some social sciences?
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Anthropology, Psychology, Economics, History, and Political Science p7
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What other social science is is most similar to sociology in its subject matter?
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Anthropology p7
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Whatt is anthropology?
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the comparative sudy of past and present cultures p7
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What is psychology?
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science that deals with the behaior and thinking of organisms p7
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What is social psychology?
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the study of how an individual's behavior and personality are affected by the social environment p8
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What is economics?
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the study of the choices people make in an effort to satisfy their wants and needs p8
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What is political science?
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the study of the organization and operation of governments p8
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What is history?
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the study of past events p8
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Who coined the phrase "sociological imagination"?
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C. Wright Mills p5
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Why did C. Wright Mills think that a sociological imagination was important to sociology?
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he said that it helps people view their lives within a larger social and historical context and gain insight into how the social environment shapes them and vice versa
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What does a sociologist study?
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studies human society and social behavior (human relations, group behavior)
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Compare the focus of sociology and other social sciences.
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Sociology examines the relations between society and culture, the individual, economics, politics, and past events which are all the focus of one or more other social sciences
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What is "social Darwinism"?
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a perspective that holds that societies evolve toward stability and perfection (survival of the fittest) p11
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In a sociological context, what does function mean?
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positive consequence an element of society has for the maintenance of the social system p13
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What does the sociological term "Verstehen" mean?
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empathetic understanding of the meaning others attached to their actions p14 (proposed by Max Weber)
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What did Max Weber's "ideal type" concept mean"
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description of the essential characteristics of some aspect of society p14
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What is a theory?
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systematic explanation of the relationship among phenomena p14
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What is a theoretical perspective?
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general set of assumptions about the nature of phenomena. In the case of sociology, a theoretical perspective outlines certain assumptions about the nature of social life, p14
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Describe the functionalist perspective.
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theoretical perspective that view society as a set of interrelated parts that work together to produce a stable social system p14 It is broadly based on the ideas of Comte, Spencer & Durkheim
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What does the term dysfunctional mean?
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negative consequence an element has for the stability of the social system p14
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What is a manifest function?
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intended and recognized consequence of some element of society p14
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What is a latent function?
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unintended and unrecognized consequence of some element of society p16
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Describe the conflict perspective.
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theoretical perspective that focues on those forces in society that promote competition and change; focuses on conflict and struggle for power p16 (Karl Marx)
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Describe the interactionist perspective.
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theoretical perspective that focuss on how individuals interact with one another in society p17 (Max Weber)
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What is a symbol?
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anything that represents something else (important to interactionists) p17
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What is symbolic interaction?
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interaction between people that takes places through the use of symbols p17
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Who was Auguste Comte?
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French philosopher (1798-1857) as the founder of sociology as a distinct subject - applied methods of physical science to social life. He was interested in social order and social change and is considered an early functionalist p10
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Who coined the term sociology to describe the study of society?
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Auguste Comte, French philosopher (1798-1857) p10
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Who is generally considered the founder of sociology and as a distinct subject?
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Auguste Comte, French philosopher (1798-1857) p10
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Who is Herbert Spencer?
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English contemporary of Comte (1820-1903) who inherited money and pursued the study of society, known for social Darwinism, and considered an early functionalist p10
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What early sociologists developed the basis of the functional perspective?
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Auguste Comte (French philosopher, 1798-1857)
Herbert Spencer (English scholar, 1820-1903) and Emile Durkheim (Frenchman 1858-1917) p14 |
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Who is Karl Marx?
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German writer (1818-1883) who was interested in the social effects of economic power and class conflict, an early conflict perspective theorist p12
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Who was Emile Durkheim?
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early French sociologist (1858-1917), taught 1st university sociology course in France, interested in function of different elements of society in maintaining social order, an early functionalist p12-13
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Who was Max Weber?
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German scholar (1864-1920), early sociologist interested in the effect of society on the individual and the meanings indivduals attach to their actions, interactionist p14
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