Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
free enterprise |
the system of business in which individuals are free to decide what to produce, how to produce it, and at what price to sell it |
|
|
cultural (or workplace) diversity |
differences among people in a workforce owing to race, ethnicity, and gender |
|
|
business |
the organized effort of individuals to produce and sell, for a profit, the goods and services that satisfy society's needs |
|
|
profit |
what remains after all business expenses have been deducted from sales revenue |
|
|
stakeholders |
all the different people or groups of people who are affected by an organization's policies, decisions, and activities |
|
|
economics |
the study of how wealth is created and distributed |
|
|
microeconomics |
the study of the decisions made by individuals and businesses |
|
|
macroeconomics |
the study of the national economy and the global economy |
|
|
economy |
the way in which people deal with the creation and distribution of wealth |
|
|
factors of production |
resources used to produce goods and services |
|
|
entreprenuer |
a person who risks time, effort, and money to start and operate a business |
|
|
captialism |
an economic system in which individuals own and operate the majority of businesses that provide goods and services |
|
|
invisible hand |
a term created by Adam Smith to describe how an individual's personal gain benefits others and a nation's economy |
|
|
market economy |
an economic decision in which businesses and individuals decide what to produce and buy, and the market determines quantities sold and prices |
|
|
mixed economy |
an economy that exhibits elements of both capitalism and socialism |
|
|
consumer products |
goods and services purchased by individuals for personal consumption |
|
|
command economy |
an economic decision in which the government decides what goods and services will be produced, for whom available goods and services will be produced, and who owns and controls the major factors of production |
|
|
productivity |
the average level of output per worker per hour |
|
|
gross domestic product (GDP) |
the total dollar value of all goods and services produced by all people within the boundaries of a country during a one-year period |
|
|
inflation |
a general rise in the level of prices |
|
|
deflation |
a general decrease in the level of prices |
|
|
unemployment rate |
the percentage of a nation's labor force unemployed at any time |
|
|
consumer price index (CPI) |
a monthly index that measures the changes in prices of a fixed basket of goods purchased by a typical consumer in an urban area |
|
|
producer price index (PPI) |
an index that measure prices that producers receive for their finished goods |
|
|
business cycle |
the recurrence of periods of growth and recession in a nation's economic activity |
|
|
recession |
two or more consecutive three-month periods of decline in a country's GDP |
|
|
depression |
a severe recession that lasts longer than a typical recession and has a larger decline in business activity when compared to a recession |
|
|
monetary policies |
Federal Reserve's decisions that determine the size of the supply of money in the nation and the level of interest rates |
|
|
fiscal policy |
government influence on the amount of saving and expenditures; accomplished by altering the tax structure and by changing the levels of government spending |
|
|
federal deficit |
a shortfall created when the federal government spends more in a fiscal year than it recieves |
|
|
national debt |
the total of all federal deficits |
|
|
competition |
rivalry among businesses for sales to potential customers |
|
|
perfect (or pure) competition |
the market situation in which there are man buyers and sellers of a product, and no single buyer or seller is powerful enough to affect the price of the product |
|
|
supply |
the quantity of a product that producers are willing to sell at each of various prices |
|
|
demand |
the quantity of a product that buyers are willing to purchase at each of various prices |
|
|
market price |
the price at which the quantity demanded is exactly equal to the quantity supplied |
|
|
monopolistic competition |
a market situation in which there are many buyers along with a relatively large number of sellers who differentiate their products from the products of competitors |
|
|
product differentiation |
the process of developing and promoting differences between one's products and all competitive poducts |
|
|
oligopoly |
a market (or industry) in which there are few sellers |
|
|
monopoly |
a market (or industry) with only one seller, and there are barriers to keep other firms from entering the industry |
|
|
standard of living |
a loose, subjective measure of how well off an individual or a society is, mainly in terms of want satisfaction through goods and services |
|
|
barter |
a system of exchange in which goods and services are traded directly for other goods or services without using money |
|
|
domestic system |
a method of manufacturing in which an entrepreneur distributes raw materials to various homes, where families process them into finished goods to be offered for sale by the merchant entrepreneur |
|
|
factory system |
a system of manufacturing in which all the material, machinery, and workers required to manufacture a product are assembled in one place |
|
|
specialization |
the separation of a manufacturing process into distinct tasks and the assignment of the different individuals |
|
|
service economy |
an economy in which more effort is devoted to the production of services than to the production of goods |
|
|
social media |
the online interaction that allows people and businesses to communicate and share ideas, personal information, and information about products or services |
|
|
sustainability |
creating and maintaining the condition under which humans and nature can exist in productivity harmony while fulfilling the social, economic, and other requirements of present and future generations |
