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189 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
aden/o |
gland |
|
arthr/o |
joint |
|
bi/o |
life |
|
carcin/o |
cancerous, cancer |
|
cardi/o |
heart |
|
cephal/o |
head |
|
cerebr/o |
cerebrum |
|
cis/o |
to cut |
|
crin/o |
to secrete (to form and give off) |
|
cyst/o |
urinary bladder; a sac or a cyst (sac containing fluid) |
|
cyt/o |
cell |
|
derm/o, dermat/o |
skin |
|
electr/o |
electricity |
|
encephal/o |
brain |
|
enter/o |
intestines (usually the small intestine) |
|
erythr/o |
red |
|
gastr/o |
stomach |
|
glyc/o |
sugar |
|
gnos/o |
knowledge |
|
gynec/o |
woman, female |
|
hem/o, hemat/o |
blood |
|
hepat/o |
liver |
|
iatr/o |
treatment, physician |
|
leuk/o |
white |
|
log/o |
study of
|
|
metr/o |
to measure |
|
nephr/o |
kidney (Greek) Used with -osis, -itis, and -ectomy (Greek) to describe abnormal conditions and operative procedures. |
|
neur/o |
nerve |
|
onc/o |
tumor |
|
ophthalm/o |
eye |
|
orth/o |
straight |
|
oste/o |
bone |
|
path/o |
disease |
|
ped/o |
child |
|
psych/o |
mind |
|
radi/o |
x-rays |
|
ren/o |
kidney (Latin) Used with -al (Latin) to describe the kidney. |
|
rhin/o |
nose |
|
sarc/o |
flesh |
|
sect/o |
to cut |
|
thromb/o |
clot, clotting |
|
ur/o |
urinary tract, urine |
|
vascul/o |
blood vessel |
|
-ac |
pertaining to |
|
-al |
pertaining to |
|
-algia |
pain |
|
-cyte |
cell |
|
-ectomy |
excision or removal |
|
-emia |
blood condition |
|
-genic |
Pertaining to producing, produced by, or produced in |
|
-globin |
protein |
|
-gram |
record |
|
-ic, -ical |
pertaining to |
|
-ion |
process |
|
-ism |
process, condition |
|
-ist |
specialist |
|
-itis |
inflammation |
|
-logy |
process of study -log = study -y = process or condition |
|
-oma |
growth of abnormal cells (tumor) or mass Also, mass or collection of blood (as in hematoma) |
|
-opsy |
process of viewing |
|
-osis |
condition, usually abnormal (slight increase in numbers when used with blood cells) |
|
-pathy |
disease condition |
|
-scope |
instrument to visually examine |
|
-scopy |
process of visually examining |
|
-sis |
state of or condition |
|
-state |
stands |
|
-tomy |
process of cutting, incision -tom = to cut -y = process of |
|
-um |
a structure |
|
-y |
process, condition |
|
a-, an- |
no, not, without |
|
aut-, auto- |
self, own |
|
dia- |
complete, through |
|
end-, endo- |
within |
|
epi- |
above, upon |
|
ex-, exo- |
out, outside of, outward |
|
hyper- |
excessive, above, more than normal |
|
hypo- |
deficient, below, under, less than normal When hypo- is used with a part of the body, it means below. |
|
in- |
into, in |
|
peri- |
surround, around |
|
pro- |
before, forward |
|
re- |
back, backward, again |
|
retro- |
behind |
|
sub- |
below, under |
|
trans- |
across, through |
|
adenitis |
Inflammation of a gland. |
|
adenoma |
Tumor of a gland. |
|
adenopathy |
Disease condition of the glands. |
|
anemia |
Without blood. A decreased number of erythrocytes or an abnormality of the hemoglobin (a chemical) within the RBCs. This results in decreased delivery of oxygen to cells of the body. Anemic patients look so pale that early physicians thought they were literally "without blood." |
|
arthralgia |
Pain of the joints. |
|
arthritis |
Inflammation of a joint. |
|
arthroscopy |
Process of visual examination of a joint. |
|
autopsy |
Process of viewing by oneself. An examination of a dead body with one's own eyes to determine the cause of death and nature of disease. |
|
biology |
Process of studying life or living things. |
|
biopsy |
Process of viewing life. Living tissue is removed from the body and viewed under a microscope. |
|
carcinogenic |
Pertaining to producing cancer. |
|
carcinoma |
Tumor that is cancerous. Carcinomas grow from epithelial (surface or skin) cells that cover the outside of the body and line organs, cavities, and tubes within the body. |
|
cardiac |
Pertaining to the heart. |
|
cardiologist |
An internal medicine specialist who takes additional (fellowship) training in the diagnosis and treatment of heart disease. |
|
cardiology |
Process of study of the heart. |
|
cephalic |
Pertaining to the head. A cephalic presentation describes a "head first" position for the delivery of an infant. |
|
cerebral |
Pertaining to the cerebrum. A cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or stroke occurs when blood vessels are damaged in the cerebrum. This causes bleeding and decreased blood flow to nerve cells in specific areas of the brain. |
|
cystitis |
Inflammation of the urinary bladder. |
|
cystoscope |
Instrument used to visually examine the urinary bladder by way of the urethra. |
|
cystoscopy |
Process of visually examining the urinary bladder. |
|
cytology |
Process of studying cells. |
|
dermatitis |
Inflammation of the skin. |
|
dermatology |
Process of study of the skin. |
|
diagnosis |
State of complete knowledge. A decision about the nature of the pateint's condition made after sufficient information has been obtained about the patient's condition. |
|
electrocardiogram |
Record of electricity in the heart (ECG or EKG). |
|
electroencephalogram |
Record of electricity in the brain (EEG). |
|
encephalitis |
Inflammation of the brain. |
|
endocrine glands |
Glands that secrete hormones within the body. Endocrine glands (e.g. thyroid, pituitary, and adrenal glands) secrete hormones directly within (into) the bloodstream. |
|
endocrinologist |
Specialist in the study of glands that secrete within the body. |
|
endocrinology |
Process of study of glands that secrete inside the body. |
|
endoscope |
Instrument to visually examine the inside of the body (e.g. cystoscope). |
|
endoscopy |
Process of visually examining with an endoscope the inside of the body. |
|
enteritis |
Inflammation of the small intestines. |
|
enteropathy |
Disease condition of the intestines. |
|
epidermis |
Outermost layer of skin; lies above the dermis (the middle layer of skin). |
|
epigastric |
Pertaining to above the stomach. |
|
erythrocyte |
Red blood cells. Carry oxygen in the blood. |
|
excision |
The process of cutting out / removal. |
|
exocrine glands |
Glands which release their chemical secretions (e.g. saliva, sweat, tears) through tubes (ducts) to the outside of the body. |
|
gastrectomy |
Process of removing all or, more commonly, part of the stomach. AKA gastric resection AKA excision of the stomach. |
|
gastric |
Pertaining to the stomach. |
|
gastroenterologist |
An internal medicine specialist who takes fellowship training in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. |
|
gastroenterology |
Process of study of the stomach and intestines. |
|
gastrotomy |
Process of cutting the stomach. |
|
gynecologist |
Specialist in surgery and internal medicine to diagnose and treat disorders of the female reproductive system. Ovarian cysts are sacs of fluid that form on and in the ovaries. |
|
gynecology |
Process of studying women and women's diseases. |
|
hematologist |
An internal medicine specialist who takes fellowship training in the diagnosis and treatment of blood disorders such as anemia and clotting diseases. |
|
hematology |
Process of studying blood. |
|
hematoma |
Formed when blood escapes from blood vessels and collects as a clot in a cavity or organ or under the skin. |
|
hemoglobin |
Protein in blood (specifically in RBCs). Carries oxygen. |
|
hepatitis |
Inflammation of the liver. |
|
hepatoma |
Malignant tumor of the liver. |
|
hyperglycemia |
Condition of having excessive sugar in the blood. Most frequently associated with diabetes. People with diabetes have high blood sugar levels because they lack insulin (in type 1 diabetes) or have ineffective insulin (in type 2 diabetes). Insulin is the hormone normally released by the pancreas (an endocrine gland near the stomach) to "escort" sugar from the bloodstream into cells. Sugar (glucose) is then broken down in cells to release energy. When insulin is not present, sugar cannot enter cells and builds up in the bloodstream (hyperglycemia). |
|
hyperthyroidism |
Condition of excessive thyroid gland secretion. A hyperactive thyroid gland (an endocrine gland in the neck) secretes a greater than normal amount of thyroxine (thyroid hormone, or T4). Because thyroxine causes cells to burn fuel and release energy, signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism are increased energy level and nervousness, tachycardia, weight loss, and exophthalmos (bulging eyeballs). |
|
hypodermic |
Pertaining to underneath the skin. |
|
hypogastric |
Pertaining to below the stomach. |
|
hypoglycemia |
Deficient glucose levels in the blood. |
|
iatrogenic |
Pertaining to side effects produced by treatment or intervention by a physician. |
|
incision |
The process of cutting into. |
|
leukemia |
Blood condition of WBCs. Condition of blood in which cancerous WBCs proliferate (increase in number). |
|
leukocyte |
WBCs. Helps the body fight disease. |
|
leukocytosis |
Condition, a slight increase in normal WBCs, occurs as WBCs multiply to fight an infection. Don't confuse with leukemia, a cancerous (malignant) condition marked by high levels of abnormal, immature WBCs. |
|
nephrectomy |
Removal of a kidney. |
|
nephritis |
Inflammation of the kidney. |
|
nephrologist |
An internal medicine specialist who takes fellowship training in the diagnosis and medical treatment of kidney disease. Does not perform surgery on the urinary tract, but treats kidney disease with drugs. |
|
nephrology |
Process of study of the kidneys. |
|
nephrosis |
Condition/disease of the kidneys. |
|
neural |
Pertaining to nerves. |
|
neuralgia |
Pain of the nerves. |
|
neurologic |
Pertaining to the study of nerves. |
|
neurologist |
An internal medicine specialist who takes fellowship training in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of nervous tissue (brain, spinal cord, and nerves). |
|
neurology |
Process of study of nerves and the Nervous System. |
|
oncologist |
Specialist in the study of tumors/cancer. Internal medicine specialist who takes fellowship training in the diagnosis and medical (drug) treatment of cancer. |
|
oncology |
Process of study of tumors/cancer. |
|
ophthalmologist |
Specialist in the study of the eyes. Physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the eye. Trains in both surgery and internal medicine in order to diagnose and treat disorders of the eye. |
|
ophthalmology |
Process of study of the eyes. |
|
ophthalmoscope |
An instrument for visual examination of they eyes. |
|
optician |
Grinds lenses and fits glasses but does not examine eyes, prescribe corrective lenses, or treat eye diseases. |
|
optometrist |
Examines eyes and prescribes corrective lenses, but cannot treat eye diseases. |
|
orthopedist |
Specialist in disorders of bones and muscles in people of all ages. Has ped/o root (meaning child) in the name because they once exclusively straightened children's bones and corrected deformities. |
|
osteitis |
Inflammation of the bone. |
|
osteoarthritis |
Inflammation of bone and joints. Condition of aging, a degeneration of bones and joints often accompanied by inflammation. |
|
osteotomy |
Incision into bone. |
|
pathogenic |
Pertaining to producing disease. |
|
pathologist |
Specialist in the study of diseases. Examines biopsy samples microscopically and examines dead bodies to determine the cause of death. |
|
pathology |
Process of study of disease. |
|
pediatrics |
Pertaining to treatment of children. |
|
pericardium |
The membrane that surrounds the heart. |
|
prognosis |
State of having knowledge before. A prediction about the outcome of an illness/treatment, and it is always given after the diagnosis has been determined. |
|
prostate gland |
This exocrine gland stands in front of the urinary bladder.
It produces semen. |
|
psychiatrist |
Specialist in treatment of the mind. Specialist in diagnosing and treating mental illness. |
|
psychology |
Process of study of the mind. |
|
radiology |
Process of study of x-rays. Low-energy x-rays are used for diagnostic imaging. |
|
renal |
Pertaining to the kidney. |
|
resection |
Process of cutting back in the sense of cutting out or removal (excision). Operation in which tissue is "cut back" or removed. The Latin resectio means a trimming or pruning. |
|
retrocardiac |
Behind the heart. |
|
rhinitis |
Inflammation of the nose. |
|
sarcoma |
Tumor of the flesh. Cancerous (malignant) tumor. Grows from cells of "fleshy" connective tissue such as muscle, bone, and fat, whereas a carcinoma (another type of cancerous tumor) grows from epithelial cells that line the outside of the body or the inside of organs in the body. |
|
subhepatic |
Pertaining to below the liver. |
|
thrombocyte |
Cells that help with clotting, AKA platelets. |
|
transhepatic |
Pertaining to across or through the liver. |
|
urology |
Process of study of the urinary tract. |
|
thrombus |
A clot that forms. |
|
thrombosis |
Condition of clot formation. |
|
urologist |
Surgical specialist who operates on the organs of the urinary tract and the organs of the male reproductive system. |