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116 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anatomy |
studies the form and structure of body parts |
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Physiology |
the study of the functions of body parts |
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Atom |
smallest particle of an element that has properties of that element |
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Molecule |
Particle composed of two or more joined atoms |
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Macromolecules |
Vary large molecule, such as protein or nucleic acid |
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Organelle |
A structure in a cell that has a specialized function |
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Cell |
The structural and functional unit of an organism |
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Tissue |
Group of similar cells that performs a specialized function |
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Organ |
Structure consisting of a group of tissues with a specialized function |
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Organ system |
Group of organs coordinated to carry on a specialized function |
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Organism |
An individual living thing |
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Metabolism |
The combined chemical reactions in cells that use or release energy |
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Homeostasis |
Dynamic state in which the body's internal environment is maintained in the normal range |
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Homeostatic Mechanisms |
Receptors, Set point, Effectors |
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Receptors |
Specialized cell that provides information about the environment |
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Set point |
Target value of a physiological condition maintained in the body by homeostasis |
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Effectors |
A muscle or gland that effects change in the body |
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Negative Feedback |
A mechanism that restores the level of a biochemical or other balance in the internal environment (Room temperature analogy) |
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Positive Feedback |
Process by which changes cause additional similar changes, producing unstable conditions (Child birth analogy) |
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Axial Portion |
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Appendicular Portion |
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Cranial Cavity |
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Vertebral Canal |
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Thoracic Cavity |
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Abdominopelvic Cavity |
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Viscera |
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Diaphragm
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Mediastinum |
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Abdominal Cavity |
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Pelvic Cavity |
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Oral Cavity |
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Nasal Cavity |
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Oribital Cavities |
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Middle ear cavities |
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Parietal pleura |
Membrane lining of the thoracic cavity |
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Visceral pleura |
Membrane lining covering each lung |
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Parietal |
Pertaining to the wall of a cavity |
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Visceral |
Membrane that is deeper and covers an internal organ
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Pleural Membranes |
Serous membrane that encloses the lungs and lines the chest wall
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Integumentary System |
Skin and accessory organs such as hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands |
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Skeletal System |
The bones as well as ligaments and cartilages that bind bones together
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Nervous System |
Consists of the brain, nerves, and sense organs Communicates via neurotransmitters |
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Endorine System |
Glands that secrete chemical messengers called hormones. Hormones affect target cells.
Organs include hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, tests, pineal gland, thymus |
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Cardiovascular System
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Includes the heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, and blood
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Lymphatic System |
Composed of lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, and lymph.
System transports transports some of the tissue fluid back to the bloodstream and carries some fatty substances to the digestive system |
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Digestive system |
Break down food molecules into simpler forms that can pass through cell membranes and be absorbed.
Includes the mouth, teeth, tongue, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbbladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine |
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Respiratory System |
Moves air in and out of the lungs and exchange gases between the blood and the air.
Includes the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs |
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Urinary system |
Removes waste from blood and helps maintain water and electrolyte concentrations.
Includes kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. |
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Reproductive system |
Produces Babies.
Male - scrotum, testes, epididymides, ductus deferentia, seminal vesicles, protstate gland, bulbourethral glands, penis, and urethra Female - ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, clitoris, vulva |
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Anatomical Position |
Body is standing erect, face forward, upper limbs at the side, palms forward
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Superior |
the body part is above another part (head superior to ribs) |
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Inferior |
the body part is below another body part (appendix inferior to lungs) |
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Anterior |
towards the front (eyes anterior to the brain) |
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Posterior |
towards the back (pharynx to the oral cavity) |
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Medial |
Imaginary midline dividing the body into equal right and left halves a body part is medial if it is closer to the line |
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Lateral |
Towards the side, away from the midline |
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Bilateral |
Paired structures one of which is on each side |
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Ipsilateral |
Structures on the same side (right lung and right kidney) |
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Contralateral |
Structures on opposite sides (broken right leg, weight bear on contralateral left leg) |
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Proximal |
Body part that is closer to a point of attachment to the trunk than another body part (elbow proximal to the wrist) |
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Distal |
Body part is farther from a point of attachment to the trunk than another body part (ankle is distal to the hip) |
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Superficial |
Near the surface |
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Deep |
parts that are more internal than superficial parts |
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Sagittal |
Lengthwise plane that divides the body into left and right portions Midsagittal (median) division into equal parts Parasagittal division is lateral to the midline |
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Transverse |
Horizontal plan divides the body into superior and inferior portions |
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Frontal (coronal) |
Plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions |
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Epigastric Region |
Upper Middle Portion |
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Right & Left Hypochondriac Regions |
Lie on each side of the epigastric region |
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Umbilical Region |
Middle Portion |
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Right & Left Lateral (lumbar) Regions |
Lie on each side of the umbilical region
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Pubic (hypogastric) region |
Lower middle portion |
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Right & Left Inguinal (iliac) Regions |
lie on each side of the hypogastric region |
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Abdominal |
Region between the thorax and pelvis |
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Acromial |
The point of the shoulder |
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Antebrachial |
The forearm |
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Antecubital |
The space in front of the elbow |
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Axillary |
The armpit
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Brachial |
The arm |
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Buccal |
the cheek |
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Calcaneal |
The heel |
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Carpal |
The wrist |
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Celiac |
The abdomen |
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Cephalic |
The Head |
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Cervical
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The neck |
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Costal |
The ribs |
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Coxal |
The hip |
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Crural |
The leg |
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Cubital |
The elbow |
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Digital |
The finger or toe |
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Dorsal |
The Back
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Femoral |
The thigh
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Frontal |
The forehead
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Genital |
The reproductive organs |
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Gluteal |
The buttocks |
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Inguinal |
The groin - depressed area of the abdominal wall near the thigh
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Lumbar |
The loin - region of the lower back between the ribs and the pelvis |
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Mammary |
The breast |
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Mental |
The chin |
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Nasal |
The nose |
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Occipital |
The lower posterior region of the head |
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Oral |
The mouth |
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Orbital |
The bony socket of the eye |
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Palmar |
The palm of the hand |
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Patellar |
The front of the knee |
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Pectoral |
The chest |
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Pedal |
The foot |
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Pelvic |
The pelvis |
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Perineal |
The perineum - the pelvic floor and associated structures occupying the pelvic outlet |
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Plantar |
The sole of the foot |
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Popliteal |
The area behind the knee |
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Sacral |
The posterior region between the hip and bones |
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Sternal |
The middle of the thorax, anteriorly |
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Sural |
The calf of the leg |
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Tarsal |
The ankle |
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Umbilical |
The naval |
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Vertebral |
The spinal column |
