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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is an organism that is too small to be seen clearly with the naked eye? |
microorganism |
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What is often unicellular, or if multicellular, does not exhibit a high degree of differentiation? |
microorganisms |
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What size are microorganisms generally? |
1 mm or less in diameter
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What are often colonial, consisting of small aggregations of cells? |
macroscopic (able to be seen) microbes |
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What five kingdoms were organisms divided into? |
Monera (prokaryotes) Protista Fungi Animalia Plantae |
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What replaced the five-kingdom system?
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three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya |
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Why are bacteria of the phylum Planctomycetes unusual? |
genetic material surrounded by a membrane
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What is the totality of microorganisms and microbial genomes that constitute a host's normal microbiota? |
microbiome |
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What body system do microbes contribute to the development of as they establish themselves? |
immune system |
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What are three ways Archaea are distinguished from bacteria? |
distinctive rRNA sequences lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls unique membrane lipids |
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What microorganisms are Eukarya? |
protists and fungi |
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What are unicellular and sometimes colonial eukaryotic organisms that lack cellular differentiation into tissues? |
protists |
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What are many chemoorganotrophic protists referred to as? |
protozoa |
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What are many phototrophic protists referred to as?
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algae
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What are generally unicellular but larger than most bacteria and archaea? |
protists |
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What virus particles are composed only of proteins and a nucleic acid and can be extremely small? |
virions |
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How old is our planet according to dating meteorites through the use of radioisotopes? |
4.5-4.6 billion years old |
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What are three attributes of life? |
orderly structure (cells) metabolism (obtain and use energy) reproduction |
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What are the two major roles of proteins in modern cells?
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structural
catalytic |
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What domain was LUCA? |
Bacteria |
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What is the endosymbiotic hypothesis? |
Mitochondria, and related organelles, and chloroplasts arose from bacterial endosymbionts of ancestral eukaryotic cells.
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What is an interaction between two organisms in which one organism lives inside the other? |
endosymbiosis
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What consists of the descendants of a single, pure microbial culture? |
strain
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Who is considered the inventor of the microscope? |
Antony van Leeuwenhoek |
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What is spontaneous generation?
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theory that organisms could develop from nonliving matter |
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What is the idea that microorganisms cause disease? When did support for it start to accumulate? |
germ theory of disease 19th century |
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Who, impressed with Pasteur's studies on fermentation and putrefaction, developed a system of antiseptic surgery designed to prevent microorganisms from entering wounds? |
Joseph Lister |
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Who first demonstrated that bacteria cause disease? |
Robert Koch |
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What are a set of rules for proving that a microorganism causes a particular disease? |
Koch's postulates (know these!) |
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What is the role of membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cells? |
separate some cellular materials and processes from others |