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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
anomie
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disruption in the rules and understandings that guide and integrate social life and give individuals a sense of their place in it
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bourgeoisie
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the social class ina capitalist industrialized society that owns and contrals the means of production
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capitalists
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members of the bourgeoisie. Capial is property taht can be used to produce further wealth
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class consciousness
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a sense of shared interests and problems amoung members of a social class
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culture
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the shared, more or less integrated way of thinking, understanding, evaluatiin, and connunication that make up a poeople's way of life
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data
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in science, information that is specifically relevant to the questions being asked
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double consciousness
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a mismatch between one's image of oneself and the indentity ascribed to one by society
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empirical observation
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the organization of sensory information into scientific data by process of abstraction, interpretation,and replication
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function
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teh contribution a social relationship, position, organization, value,or other phenomenon makes to a lager social whole
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fuctional integration
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the degree to which the different papers of a cocial system are so closely interrelated that hat heppens in one affects the others and is influenced by them in turn
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local analysis
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the development of theory be identifying disnct units af analysis and relationships among them
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mechanical solidarity
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solidarity that is based on cammon beliges, values, and customs
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organic solidarity
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interependence among a group of people that is based on an intricate division of labor
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power
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the ability of a social actor to determine the shape of the events ot the structure of social organization
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proletariat
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the members of a capitalist industrialized society who have no control over th emeans of prodruction
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science
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a systematic way of abserving nature, interpreting waht we see objectively, searching for relationships of cause and effect, and orgacizing knowledge through theory
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social action
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behavior that is intentioanl, not idstinctive; depends on cocial conditions created by others; and affects other social actors
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social facts
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enduring prperties of social lige that shepe or constrain the cations individuals can take
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social soliderity
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the condition that reults when inderlying social forces bind people together
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social structure
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relatively stable, enduring patterns of social relationships, or social positionsm and of numbers of people' petterns over which individuals have little control
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sociological imagination
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a way of looking at our personal experiences in the context of what is heppeing in the world and perceiving broader social patterns that are not apparent through peroanl experience alone
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sociology
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the study of himan society, including both social actiona dn the organization of social relationships
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status groups
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groups beased n reace, religion, personal tastes, and onter noeconomic factors, which help establich a social hierarchy
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symbolic ineractionism
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an approach to human behavior as consructed in teraction and interpreted through culture, stressing the collective attribution of meaning to social life
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theory
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a systematic attempt to explain how two or more phenomena are related
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Verstehen
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Weber's tem for an empathetic inderstanding of what people are thinking and feeling
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altruistic suicide
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Durkhiem's term for suicide that results form extreme commitment to a proup or community
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anomic suicide
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Durkhiem's term for suicide that results from a condition of social normlessness known as anomie
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content analysis
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a research method that provides that provides a way to systematically organize and summarize both the monifast and latent content of communication
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correlation
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a regularly occuring relationship between variables
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correlation coefficient
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a deciaml number between zero and one that is used to indicate the strength of a correlation
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cross-cultural research
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studies that describe social petterns in societies other than the reasearchers' own
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data
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facts, statistics, study results, and other pieces of abservable information that are collected and used to construst theories
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dependent variable
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in an experimant, the quality or factor that is affected by one or more independent variables
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egoistic suicide
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Durkeim's term for suicide that results form social isolation and individualism
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ethnographies
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studies in which researchers observe people in
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experiment
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a research method in which subjects are exposed to a specially designed situation taht allows the researchers to control the factors taht may affect the hypothetical cause-and-effect relationships among the varibles they are studying
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falalistic sucide
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the taking of oe's own life to avoid what seems to be an inevitably bleak future if goes on living
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globalization
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the process by which the peoples of the world are being drawn into closer relationship with one another
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historical studies
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sociological research on past events, previous ways of life, or patterns change over time
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hypothesis
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a tentative statement that predicts how two or more varibles affect, or are related to, one another
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independent variable
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in an experimant. the quality or factor that affects one ot more dependent varibles
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indicator
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soemthing that can be cleatly measured as an approximation of some other, more comlex varible
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interview
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a conversation in which a researcher asks a series of questions or discusses a topic with another person
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mean
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the average; obtained by adding all figures in a series of data and dividing the sum by the number of items
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median
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the number that falls in the middle of a sequence of figures
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methodology
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the procedures that guide research
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mode
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the figure that occurs most often in a series of data
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operational deginition
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the set of clearly measurable indicator that will represent one tfo the veriable in an analysis
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population
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in a survey, the total number of people who share a characterstic that is being studied
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qualitative research
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reseach that depends primarily on verbal descriptions, firsthand observatios, ot pictures to study particular cases in depth
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quantitative research
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research that reles on statistical analyses of data
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random sample
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in a survey, a method ised to draw a sample in such a way that every memer of the population being studied has an equal chance of being selected
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relability
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the degree to which a study yields the same reults when repeated b the orginal or other researchers
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sample
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a limited number of people selected from the population being studied who are represenative of that population
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secondary analysis
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research that reanalyzes data drawn from previous research projects
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spurious correlation
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a correlation between two or more variables that has no meaningful causal point
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standard deviation
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a statistical measurement of how fat other recorded instances fall from the mean or other central point
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survey
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a research method using questionaires or interviews, or both, to learn how people think, feel, or act
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validity
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the degree to which a scientific study measures what it attempts to measure
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variable
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any factor that is capable of change
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