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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Name the process of exchanging of substances between the organism and its environment.
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Diffusion
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Diffusion occurs rapidly if??
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1.surface area of organisms contact with the environment is large.
2.the volume of organism is small 3.the TSA/v of organism is large 4.the distance between the source of substance and the cells is near 5.high concentration gradient is maintained between the source of substances and the body cells |
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How is unicellular organism's TSA/V??
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large
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How diffusion occur in unicellular organism??
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Nutrient,oxygen can diffuse across the surface area easily.
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How is multicellular organism's TSA/V??
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small
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How diffusion occur in multicellular organism??
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Nutrient,oxygen hard to diffuse across the surface area because the distance between the substance source and the body cells is too far
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Way to overcome the problem of multicellular organism.
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By carrying out the circulatory system.
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The advantages of circulatory system.
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1.distribution of nutrients and oxygen throughout the body
2.the removal of waste products from the body |
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State the major component of circulatory system
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1.blood
2.heart 3.blood vessel |
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State the function of blood
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1.transportation
2.regulation 3.protection |
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How blood practise the function of transportation(3)
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1.carry O2 from lung to cell
carry CO2 for cell to lung 2.transports nutrients,oxygen and antibodies throughout the body 3.transports the waste product out from the body |
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How does regulation take place(3)
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1.maintain pH level of blood fluid
2.maintain body temperature 3.maintains water contain in cells |
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How does protection take place(2)
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1.prevent excess blood loss
2.prevent disease,against infection |
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State the function of heamolymph
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transports water, inorganic salts and organic component throughout the heamocoel
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composition of human blood
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55% plasma
45% cellular component |
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list out 5 constituents of plasma
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1.water
2.ions 3.plasma protein 4.hormones 5.dissolved substances |
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state the function of water
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a SOLVENT to transport dissolved substances
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state the function of ions
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maintain the osmotic balance and the pH of the blood at 7.4
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List out the type of plasma proteins
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1.Albumin
2.Fibrinogen 3.Immuniglobulins |
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State the function of plasma proteins
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1.clotting factor
2.antibodies |
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State the function of hormones
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control physiological activities in the body
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Name the types of cellular components
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1.Erthrocyctes
2.Leucocyte 3.Platelets |
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Structure of red blood cell adapts it to its function
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1.biconcave disc
2.doesn't hv nuclei 3.large surface area to volume ration 4.formed from bone-marrow 5.contain Haemoglobin, it is an oxygen-carrying protein pigment |
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Structure of white blood cell (leucocyte) adapts it to its function
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1.irregular in shape
2.most of them larger than red blood cell 3.made of stem cells and bone marrow 4.fight in various ways |
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Two groups that can Leucocytes can be classified
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1.Granulocytes
2.Agranulocytes |
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Types in Granulocytes group
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Neutrophils
Eosinophils Basophils |
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Function of Neutrophils
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engulf and digest
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Function of Erosinophils
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release enzyme
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Function of Basophils
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involving in combating inflammatory and allergic reactions
kill parasite |
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Types in Agranulocytes
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Lymphocytes
Monocytes |
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Function of Lymphocytes
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Produce the immune response against foreign substances
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Function of Monocytes
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engulf and digest
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