Chapter 1: Tree Biology

Front 1

sites of rapid cell division in the shoot tips, root tips, and cambium are called ( Blank)?

Back 1

Meristem

Front 2

Meristems located at the end of the shoots are called primary, or (Blank) Meristems/

Back 2

Apical

Front 3

The thendency for the terminal buds to inhibit the growth of lateral budes is called (Blank Blank)?

Back 3

Apical Dominance

Front 4

The "food Factories: of trees are the (Blank)

Back 4

Leaves

Front 5

The Process of ( Blank) combines carbon dioxide and water in a reaction driven by light to produces sugars. (Blank) is also a product of this reaction.

Back 5

Photosynthesis, Oxygen

Front 6

The green color of leaves is created by the presence of ( Blank), which is necessary for the photosynthesis to take place.

Back 6

Chlorophyl

Front 7

(Blank) is the loss of water vapor from the leaves.

Back 7

Transpiration

Front 8

The opening and closing of (Blank) allow for gas exchange, and transpiration is controlled by the (Blank Blank).

Back 8

Stomata, Guard Cells

Front 9

Water and dissolved essential minerals are transported within the tree in the (Blank). The (Blank) conducts carbohydrates.

Back 9

Xylem, Phloem

Front 10

The (Blank) is a layer of meristematic cells located between the phloem and the xylem.

Back 10

Cambium

Front 11

The (Blank Blank) is formed when trunk tissue grows around branch tissues. As the branch and trunk tissues expand against each other in the branch union, the (Blank Blank Blank) is formed.

Back 11

Branch Collar, Branch Bark Ridge

Front 12

(blank) protects the branches and trunk of a tree from mechanical injury and desiccation.

Back 12

Bark

Front 13

name four functions of the root system.

Back 13

anchorage, storage, absorption, conduction

Front 14

water enters young roots or mycorrhisal roots, in part, by a process called (Blank)

Back 14

Osmosis

Front 15

The orientation of growth in response to an external stimulus is called (Blank). Two examples are (Blank) and (blank).

Back 15

Tropisms, Photo-tropism, Geo-tropism

Front 16

CODIT stands for

Back 16

Compartmentalization of Decay in Trees

Front 17

Trees with upright growth and a strong, central leader are said to exhibit (blank) growth. More rounded trees, which are often broader than they are tall, have (Blank) Growth habits.

Back 17

Excurrent, Decurrent

Front 18

Roots and fungi form (Blank), which are a symbiotic relationship, aiding in the uptake of water and minerals.

Back 18

Mycorrhizae

Front 19

The process by which chemical energy, stored as sugar and starch, is released is called (Blank).

Back 19

Respiration

Front 20

Trees that lose their leaves in the autumn are called (Blank). Trees that maintain their leaves for more than one year are called (Blank).

Back 20

Deciduous, Evergreen

Front 21

uses more energy than it produces

Back 21

Sink

Front 22

Mostly located in the upper 12 inches of soil

Back 22

Absorbing roots

Front 23

"Stalk" of a leaf

Back 23

Petiole

Front 24

Cells that cross the phloem and xylem for radial trasport

Back 24

Ray

Front 25

Waxy covering of a leaf

Back 25

Cuticle

Front 26

Small openings in stems for gas exchange

Back 26

Lenticel

Front 27

Plant growth regulator

Back 27

Auxin

Front 28

Between the nodes of a twig

Back 28

Internode

Front 29

Mature, green leaves--sugar producers

Back 29

source

Front 30

Green pigment

Back 30

Chlorophyll

Front 31

Describe how growth rings are formed Are they always annual? what information can be obtained by the examining growth increments, and how might the rings be useful in diagnosis?

Back 31

yearly growth of the cambium layer, levels of water per year, tell age

Front 32

What is the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration? What is net photosynthesis? What might be the effect on a tree if respiration exceeds photosynthesis for an extended period of time? How could this occur?

Back 32

fill in the blank

Front 33

Explain the process of compartmentalization of decay in trees. What are the four walls and how do they function? How can trees be hollow and still remain vigorous?

Back 33

Fill in the blank

Front 34

Does a branch higher in a tree recieve direct nourishment from lower branches? discuss the vascular structure of trees and how it relates to branch attachment

Back 34

fill in the blank

Front 35

Armillaria mellea has been described as an "opportunistic" fungus that functions both as a mycorrhizae and a disease. How might this be explained?

Back 35

Fill in the blank

Front 36

Describe the differences and similarities between trees (dicots) and palms and consider how the different growth "strategies" of palms may be advantageous or limiting.

Back 36

Fill in the blank

Front 37

When cutting through a tree with a chain saw or drilling into a tree, you would pass through (in order)

Back 37

bark, phloem, cambium, xylem

Front 38

If the terminal bud is removed in pruning,
a. growth may be stimulated in lateral buds
b. flowering is stimulated to enhance fruit production
c. the branch will die back
d. all of the above

Back 38

A

Front 39

The growth rings of many trees
a. are visible because of the rapid grwoth rate of early wood relatife to latewood
b. can be counted to approximate a trees age
c. can give information about growing conditions in previous years
d. all of the above

Back 39

d

Front 40

Which layer of cells is responsible for outward trunk growth and incresed girth of a tree?
a. Cambium
b. pith
c. epidermis
d. cortex

Back 40

A

Front 41

Mycorrhizae are
a. collar-rot fungi
b. elongated underground stems producing sucker sprouts
c. a symbiotic relationship between fungi and roots
d. cells in which photosynthesis takes place

Back 41

C