Chapter 1-2 Key Terms Apush

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Inca

Back 1

Who- An Andean tribe in what is now Peru who held the largest pre-Columbian Empire.
When-1200- 1573. Spanish forces arrived in 1533.
Significance- Their culture survives in descendants of the empire, the extensive road system linked their empire together.

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Mayas

Back 2

Who- A mesoamerican civilization.
When- Pre-Classic period- to the arrival of the arrival of the Spanish.
Significance- Best known for their complete written language and their influence on Latin American art.

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Aztecs

Back 3

Who- A union of the Mexica, Acolhuas, and Tepanecs, into an empire known as the Aztec Empire.
When-Dominated large areas of mesoamerica from the14th to the 16th century.
Significance- The Aztec Triple Alliance all spoke the Nahuatl language. They influence modern day Mexico's food, culture, people, and the names of their cities.

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Chaco Canyon

Back 4

What- An area in Northwestern New Mexico that was home to the Pueblo Indians.
When-Was amajor cultural center for the Pueblo Indians between 900ad-1150ad.
Significance- Held the largest buildings in North America until the 19th century and shows evidence of archeoastronomy.

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Woodland Indians

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Who- North American tribes in the Eastern woodlands.
When- 1000BC- 1000AD
Significance- Were some of the more advanced tribes of North America. They practiced agriculture and were much more sedentary than other tribes to the west.

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Mobile Societies(Natives)

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Who- Hunter-gatherers who survive off of foraging and hunting.
When- Across human existence.
Significance- These societies were mobile and usualy on the move, following their food supplies across the terrain.

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Agriculture (Natives)

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What-Native methods of agriculture that were better suited to the terrain than European methods.
When-16th -18th century
Significance- Natives taught the European settlers how to grow crops in the new environment and allowed the settlers to grow their own crops where their old methods failed.

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Leif Erickson

Back 8

Who- An Icelandic explorer who was credited with discovering America 500 years before Columbus.
When- 970-1020AD. Arrived 1002-1003
Significance- Is believed to be the first explorer to find the Americas and establish a settlement.

Front 9

Prince Henry the Navigator

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Who-A Portuguese prince who was an advocate for exploration.
When- March 1394- November1460
Significance- Started Europes worldwide exploration efforts and maritime trade.

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Christopher Columbus

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Who- Italian explorer funded by Spain who established lasting contact between thre New World and Europe.
When- October 1451-May1506. Set sail for America in 1492.
Significance-was the first European to establish a settlement in the New World and to establish lasting links.

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Ferdinand Magellean

Back 11

Who- A Portuguese explorer who gained Spanish nationality in order to serve king Charles I of Spain.
When-1480-1521. His exploration lasted from 1519-1522.
Significance- Was the first who's voyage cirumnavigated the globe, however he himself did not survive after being killed in the Philipines.

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The Conquistadors

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Who- Spanish conquerors who came to the new world in search of forune and fame.
When-15th- 16th century
Significance- Conquered the civilizations of the Americas and also opened the land up for future exploitation.

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Hernan Cortes

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Who- A Spanish exploreer and conqueror who brought down the Aztec Empire.
When- 1485-1547. Conquered Mexico in 1519.
Significance- Conquered and brought much of modern day Mexico into the Spanish empire and governed it himself for a few years.

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Francisco Pizaro

Back 14

Who- Aspanish conquistador who conquered the Inca Empire in Peru.
When- 1471-1541. Conquered Peru in 1532.
Significance- Conquered the Incan Empire with far less forces than Cortes did with the Aztec. Brought Peru into the Spanish Empire.

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Ordinance of Discovery
(Aztecs)

Back 15

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Catholic Missions

Back 16

What- Churches established by the Roman Catholic church to spread Catholocism to the natives.
When-1769-1882 the Spanish established missions along the coast of California.
Significance- Was the first European attempts at settling the west coast of north america. Left lasting impressions on the native population.

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St. Augustine 1565

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What-Spanish settlement in Northeastern Florida.
When- established in 1565.
Significance- The longest lived in European settlement in the Americas.

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Ecomiendas

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What- A form of a labor system developed by the spanish to extract labor from the natives.
When- Was formally abolished in 1720, but lost effectiveness much earlier.
Significance- Gave the Spanish a source of labor that allowed them to do their work.

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Pueblo Revolt 1680

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What- A revolt by the Pueblo Indians of New Mexico agaisnt Spanish Oppression.
When- 1680
Significance- Marked as the first American Revolution

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Mestizo

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Who- People of mixed descent between natives and the Spanish settlers.
When- Since Spanish colonization of America.
Significance- Were considered one of the lower classes in Spanish societies. Above Natives, but under Peninsulares.

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John Cabot

Back 21

Who- Italian navigator and explorer who was the first European since the Norse to travel to the Americas.
When- discovered the americas in 1497.
Significance-Regarded as the first European explorer since the Norse to travel to the Americas.

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Richard Haklyut

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Who- An English writer who helped to attract publicity for the population of the colonies.
When- 1552-1616, 1582, 1598- two books about the new world.
Significance- Helped to promote migration to the colonies and wrote propoganda about the new world.

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Doctrine of Predestination

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What- A doctrine of Calvininsm which deals with God's control over the world.
When-1561- Belgic Confession of Faith.
Significance- Caused people to believe that God controls everything, and that you must be 'reborn' for your faith to even be justified or else it is an affront to God.

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The English Reformation

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What- When England, under the Church of England first broke away from the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church.
When- 16th century.
Significance- England became independent from the Catholic church. was also caused because the king at the time wanted to divorce his wife but the Catholic church wouldn't allow it.

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John Calvin

Back 25

Who- A French theologian who broke away from the Catholic curch when tensions broke out. The developer of Calvinism.
When- 1509-1564
Significance- Stressed the absolute sovereignty of God.