Introduction And History Of Microbiology

Front 1

What is microbiology?

Back 1

it is the study of microbes, organisms so small that a microscope is needed to study them.

Front 2

What are Microbes?

Back 2

organisms like bacteria that causes disease only seen through microscope

Front 3

Why study Microbiology?

Back 3

1. Microbes are important to human health and disease.

2. Microbes can increase our understanding of biology

3. Microbes are very useful in biological research

Front 4

How are microbes beneficial?

Back 4

1. They can be use as food

2. They decompose (Cleaning up our waste)

3. Help in digestion for animals and humans to digest the food. Microbes in our guts.

4.Killing pests

5. Making medicines( microbes can synthesize antibotics)

6. Major tool of genetic engineering

- In the making of such things as leather (Aspergillus niger), soy sauce, cheese and paper.

7 they generate oxygen,

8.are part of the carbon and nitrogen cycles,

9.can survive the harshest conditions

Front 5

What are the microbes?

Back 5

Bacteria (bacterium)- Bacteriology

Algae (alga)- Phycology

Fungi (fungus)- Mycology

Protozoa (protozoan)- Protozoology

Viruses (virus)- Virology

Front 6

What forms the basis of food chain oceans, lakes and rivers?

Back 6

marine and freshwater microorganisms

Front 7

What do soil microbes do?

Back 7

break down wastes and incorporate nitrogen gas from the air into organic compounds, thereby recycling chemical elements between the soil, water, life and air.

Front 8

Why do humans and animals depend on microbes in their intestines?

Back 8

For digestion and the synthesis of of some vitamins that their bodies require including some vitamin b for metabolism and vitamin k for blood clotting.

Front 9

Where would archea be found?

Back 9

In extreme environment

Front 10

What are pathogens?

Back 10

Microorganisms ( bacteria, virus, fungi,protocol and some algae) that causes diseases in human being.

Front 11

Even after the discovery of bacteria, what two things hindered the realization that bacteria caused disease?

Back 11

1. belief in spontaneous generation

2. lack of understanding of contagion

Front 12

Algae

Back 12

Single celled as well as multicellular

Define cell nucleus and numerous membrane enclosed intracellular structures

Photosynthesize their own food

They move

Found in fresh water and ocean

Only one species, Prototheca found to cause diseases in humans and animals. Can feed on host

Front 13

True of False: organisms that can provide for themselves will not cause disease in other?

Back 13

True

Front 14

True or False: organisms that can not provide for themselves are the ones that provide diseases on other?

Back 14

True

Front 15

Fungi

Back 15

Yeast and mold are single celled

Mushrooms are multicellular

Cell nucleus n intracellular strcutures

Absorb ready made nutrients

Do not move

Found in water and soil

Decomposes of dead organisms

The cause disease

Source of antibotics

Front 16

True or False: Viruses are not considered living organisms, they can not multiple on themselves

Back 16

True

Front 17

What equipment do you need to see viruses?

Back 17

Electron microscope

Front 18

Viruses

Back 18

Acellular

Composed of DNA or RNA and few proteins

Can be crystallized and store

Invade cells

They can replicate themselves

Invade humans and cause disease

Front 19

What are the smaller acellular agents?

Back 19

Viroids

Prisons

Front 20

Viroids

Back 20

Small, circular RNA composition, does not have protein coat. Causes disease on plants

Front 21

Prisons

Back 21

Infectious Protein composition, infects mammals like cows. causing them mad cow disease

Front 22

Protozoa

Back 22

Single celled

Only studied through microscope

Obtain food by engulfing smaller microorganisms

Can be found in soil, variety of water and animals such as mosquitoes carrying malaria

Front 23

Helminths

Back 23

Aka worms

Front 24

Arthropods

Back 24

Aka insects

Front 25

What are the 3 domain?

Back 25

Bacteria

Archae

Eukarya

Front 26

Yes or No: Does viruses come in the 3 domain?

Back 26

No

Front 27

What are the two names that cellular organisms are referred to ?

Back 27

Genus and species

Front 28

Greeks accounts of microbiology

400 B.C. Hippocrates

Back 28

Set forth medicine practice used today

Linked signs and symptoms with certain illnesses

Discover that diseases can be transmitted through one person to another by clothing or other objects

Hint 28

father of medicine

Front 29

Greeks accounts of microbiology

400 B.C. Thucydides

Back 29

Noticed that people who had recovered from plagues did not get it again

Front 30

Robert Hooke

Back 30

Created the compound microscope and observed "cells" in cork. He created the word "cell"

17th century (1665)

Front 31

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Back 31

Grounded more than 500 lenses

First to see living cells and micro "anamacules"

He knew we had microorganisms living on us and in us

Front 32

Carlos Linnaeus

Back 32

Developed general classification system of all living organisms

Hint 32

Father of Taxonomy

Front 33

Schneider and schwann

Back 33

Created the cell theory in which all cells are the fundamental units if life and carry out all functions of living things and cells come from other cells. ( doesn't apply to viruses)

Front 34

Cell theory

Back 34

states that: all living things are composed of one or more cells; the cell is the basic unit of life; and new cells arise from existing cells.

Front 35

The germ theory of disease

Back 35

The idea that tiny organisms called microbes cause infectious diseases that are easily passed among humans.

Front 36

Who is the father of modern epidemiology?

Back 36

John Snow

Front 37

John Snow

Back 37

determine on how cholera was spread created a statistical mapping methods

Hint 37

19 century

Front 38

What is epidemiology?

Back 38

The study of disease in groups or populations through the collection of data and information, to identify patterns and causes. Used by governments and health-related organizations to obtain a picture of the health status of a population.

Front 39

What is spontaneous generation?

Back 39

A theory that many scientists in the second half of the 19th century adhered to saidthat some forms of life could spontaneous form from nonliving matter a vital force form of life.

Front 40

Francesco Redi

Back 40

demonstrated that the presence of maggots in putrefying meat does not result from spontaneous generation but from eggs laid on the meat by flies.

Challenged the spontaneous generation theory by conducting a set of experiments. He did the jar experiment. Maggots only appeared on the meat on the open jar but not on the meat with the closed jar.

Front 41

Louis Pasteur

Back 41

proved that germs cause disease; he developed vaccines for anthrax and rabies; and he created the process of pasteurization.

Front 42

What are 3 main contributions louis pasteur did?

Back 42

1. Disproved spontaneous generation in the 19th century (1859)

2.described fermentation

3.invented pasteurization

Hint 42

Worked in wine industry

Front 43

Who is Robert Koch?

Back 43

Founder of bacteriology

Front 44

What did Robert Koch discovered?

Back 44

Anthrax disease cycle and the bacteria for TB and Cholera

He also isolated bacteria using streak technique.

Front 45

What is agar?

Back 45

Looks like jelly

Commonly used in labs to help feed and grown bacteria and other microorganisms

Front 46

Koch's postulates

Back 46

Front 47

The purpose of Kochs postulates?

Back 47

To prove bacteria is a disease causing agent

Front 48

Semmielweis discovered

Back 48

Importance of washing hands

It was the number 1 reason for mothefs dying during and after childbirth, known as childbed fever.

Front 49

Joseph Lister

Back 49

Father of antiseptic medicine and a pioneer in preventative medicine.

He figured out that using diluted carbonic acid on Bandages, and to clean surgical instruments will reduce the infection, first antispetic techniques.

Front 50

Immunology

Back 50

Front 51

Edward Jenner

Back 51

Discover first vaccination as a preventative treatment for smallpox in the late 18th century

His theory was that anyone who came down with cowpox were immune to smallpox

Front 52

In the 18th century _______ was a very common disease and was a major cause of _______.

Back 52

Smallpox; death

Front 53

What was the magic bullet?

Back 53

Front 54

Who was Paul Ehrlich?

Back 54

Front 55

Who was Paul Ehrlich?

Back 55

Front 56

Back 56

Paul Ehrlich

Front 57

Alexander Fleming

Back 57

Discovered penicillin by mistake. 20 th century (1928)

Front 58

Charles chamberland

Back 58

Developed porcelain filter to remove bacteria from water. 19th century

Front 59

Martinus Beijerinck

Back 59

First to characterize virues

Front 60

Wendell Stanly

Back 60

In the 20th century crystallized tobacco mosiac virus. Consisting of RNA and protein.

Front 61

When were virues first observed? And with what?

Back 61

1939 with a electron microscope

Front 62

Alfred Hershey and Martha chase

Back 62

Demonstrated that some virus were consisted of DNA (1952)

Front 63

What did James Watson and Francis Crick determined in 1953?

Back 63

The structure of DNA

Front 64

Binomial nomenclature system has the first name capitalized reflects the __________and the second name is the __________ and has the numbered/lettered _________

Back 64

Genus, species, strain