Chapter 08: Introduction To Abdominal Scanning: Techniques And Protocols

Front 1

aorta

Back 1

largest arterial structure in the body; arises from the left ventricle to supply blood to the head, upper and lower extremities, and abdominopelvic cavity

Front 2

celiac axis (CA)

Back 2

first major anterior artery to arise from the abdominal aorta inferior to the diaphragm; it branches into the hepatic, splenic, and left gastric arteries

Front 3

common femoral arteries

Back 3

vessels originating from the iliac arteries seen in the inguinal region into the upper thigh

Front 4

gastroduodenal artery (GDA)

Back 4

branch of the common hepatic artery that supplies the stomach and duodenum

Front 5

hepatic artery (HA)

Back 5

common hepatic artery arises from the celiac trunk and courses to the right of the abdomen and branches into the GDA and proper HA

Front 6

inferior mesenteric artery (IMA)

Back 6

arises from the anterior aortic wall at the level of the third or fourth lumbar vertebra to supply the left transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum

Front 7

left gastric artery (LGA)

Back 7

artery that arises from the celiac axis to supply the stomach and lower third of the esophagus

Front 8

left renal artery (LRA)

Back 8

arises from the posterolateral wall of the aorta directly into the hilus of the kidney

Front 9

right renal artery (RRA)

Back 9

leaves the posterolateral wall of the aorta; travels posterior to the inferior vena cava to enter the hilum of the kidney

Front 10

splenic artery (SA)

Back 10

one of the three vessels that arise from the celiac axis to supply the spleen, pancreas, stomach, and greater omentum; forms the superior border of the pancreas

Front 11

superior mesenteric artery (SMA)

Back 11

arises inferior to the celiac axis from the anterior wall of the abdominal aorta; travels parallel to the aorta to supply the small bowel, cecum, ascending colon, and transverse colon; lies posterior to the body of the pancreas

Front 12

collateral vessels

Back 12

ancillary vessels that develop when portal hypertension occurs

Front 13

confluence of the splenic and portal veins

Back 13

junction of the splenic and portal veins that occurs in the midabdomen and serves as a posterior border of the pancreas

Front 14

femoral veins

Back 14

upper part of the venous drainage system of the lower extremity found in the upper thigh and groin that empties into the inferior vena cava at the level of the diaphragm

Front 15

hepatic veins (HV)

Back 15

largest tributaries that drain the liver and empty into the inferior vena cava at the level of the diaphragm

Front 16

iliac veins

Back 16

receive tributaries from the lower extremities and drain into the inferior vena cava

Front 17

inferior vena cava (IVC)

Back 17

largest abdominal vessel formed by the union of the common iliac veins; flows posterior to the liver to enter the right atrium of the heart

Front 18

left portal vein (LPV)

Back 18

the main portal vein bifurcates into the right and left portal veins; the left portal vein supplies the left lobe of the liver

Front 19

left renal vein (LRV)

Back 19

leaves the renal hilum and travels anterior to the aorta, posterior to the superior mesenteric artery, to empty into the lateral wall of the inferior vena cava

Front 20

main portal vein (MPV) or hepatic portal vein

Back 20

formed by the union of the splenic vein and the superior mesenteric vein; serves as the posterior border of the pancreas; enters the liver at the porta hepatis

Front 21

portal venous system

Back 21

comprises the splenic, inferior mesenteric, superior mesenteric, and portal veins (All bold in photo)

Front 22

right portal vein (RPV)

Back 22

the main portal vein bifurcates into right and left branches; the right portal vein supplies the right lobe of the liver

Front 23

right renal vein (RRV)

Back 23

leaves the renal hilum to flow directly into the inferior vena cava

Front 24

splenic vein (SV)

Back 24

drains the spleen; travels horizontally across the abdomen (posterior to the pancreas) to join the superior mesenteric vein to form the portal vein; serves as the posterior medial border of the pancreas.

Front 25

superior mesenteric vein (SMV)

Back 25

drains the small bowel and cecum, transverse and sigmoid colon; travels vertically to join the splenic and portal veins; serves as a posterior landmark to the body of the pancreas and an anterior border to the uncinate process of the head

Front 26

caudate lobe

Back 26

smallest lobe of the liver; lies posterior to the left lobe and anterior to the inferior vena cava; superior border is the ligamentum venosum

Front 27

crus of the diaphragm

Back 27

muscular structure seen in the upper abdomen at the level of the celiac axis; aligns the vertebral column before crossing the midline posterior to the inferior vena cava and anterior to the aorta; may be mistaken for the right renal artery

Front 28

dome of liver

Back 28

most superior aspect of the liver at the level of the diaphragm

Front 29

falciform ligament (FL)

Back 29

attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and undersurface of the diaphragm

Front 30

ligamentum teres (LT)

Back 30

termination of the falciform ligament, seen in the left lobe of the liver

Front 31

ligamentum venosum (LV)

Back 31

echogenic linear structure found anterior to the caudate lobe and posterior to the left lobe of the liver

Front 32

Morison’s pouch

Back 32

right posterior subhepatic space located anterior to the kidney and inferior to the liver where fluid may accumulate

Front 33

porta hepatis

Back 33

central area of the liver where the portal vein, common duct, and hepatic artery enter; this triad makes the area appear slightly more echogenic

Front 34

psoas major muscle

Back 34

group of muscles that originate at the hilum of the kidneys and lie lateral to the spine

Front 35

splenic hilum

Back 35

site where vessels and lymph nodes enter and exit the spleen; located in the middle of the spleen