Chapter 04.1: The Chromosome Theory Of Inheritance

Front 1

The nuclei of normal human cells carry ___ pairs of chromosomes for a total of ____

Back 1

23; 46

Front 2

What are the unmatched pairs of chromosomes in humans?

Back 2

In males, the X and Y chromosomes

Front 3

How many chromosomes do children born with Down syndrome have?

Back 3

47

Front 4

Down syndrome has an extra #____ chromosome

Back 4

21

Front 5

aberrant

Back 5

deviating from the ordinary, usual, or normal type

Front 6

trisomy 21

Back 6

Down syndrome; gives rise to an abnormal phenotype

Front 7

Phenotypic symptoms of trisomy 21?

Back 7

wide skull that is flatter than normal at the back, an unusually large tongue, learning disabilities caused by the abnormal development of the hippocampus, a propensity to respiratory infections and heart disorders, rapid aging, and leukemia

Front 8

propensity

Back 8

a natural inclination or tendency

Front 9

chromosomes are the cellular organelles responsible for transmitting ___________

Back 9

genetic information

Front 10

chromosome theory of inheritance

Back 10

chromosomes are the carriers of genes;

Front 11

_____ is responsible for the formation of gametes

Back 11

meiosis

Front 12

gametes

Back 12

eggs or sperm

Front 13

zygote

Back 13

the fertilized egg

Front 14

What process is responsible for multicellularism?

Back 14

mitosis

Front 15

parcel

Back 15

a part, portion, or fragment.

Front 16

A ______ error gives rise to an egg or sperm carrying an extra ________, causing Down syndrome

Back 16

meiosis; chromosome 21

Front 17

When was the chromosome theory of inheritance proposed?

Back 17

1902

Front 18

The scientific name for the fruit fly?

Back 18

Drosophila melanogaster

Front 19

gametogenesis

Back 19

process including both meiotic and mitotic division, by which specialized germ cells multiply and differentiate into gametes

Front 20

Who discovered spermatozoa?

Back 20

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Front 21

discrete

Back 21

apart or detached from others; separate; distinct

Front 22

What does the word "chromosome" mean?

Back 22

colored bodies

Front 23

mitosis

Back 23

nuclear division followed by cell division that results in two daughter cells containing the same number and type of chromosomes as the original parent cell

Front 24

What does "mitos" mean?

Back 24

"thread"

Front 25

What does "-osis" mean?

Back 25

formation or increase

Front 26

meiosis

Back 26

The kind of nuclear division that generates egg or sperm cells containing half the number of chromosomes found in other cells within the same organism

Front 27

cytologist

Back 27

a scientist who uses microscope to study cell structure

Front 28

haploid

Back 28

gametes and other cells that carry only a single set of chromosomes

Front 29

diploid

Back 29

zygotes and other cells carrying two matching sets

Front 30

What's the shorthand symbol for a haploid cell?

Back 30

n

Front 31

What's the shorthand symbol for a normal diploid cell?

Back 31

2n

Front 32

In humans, 2n = _____

Back 32

46

Front 33

In humans, n = ________

Back 33

23

Front 34

In drosophila, 2n = ____, n = ____

Back 34

8;4

Front 35

Are most body cells haploid or diploid?

Back 35

diploid

Front 36

sister chromatids

Back 36

the two identical halves of a chromosome attached at the centromere

Front 37

Back 37

Front 38

metacentric

Back 38

the centromere is approximately in the middle

Front 39

acrocentric

Back 39

the centromere is very close to one end

Front 40

metaphase chromosomes can be classified by __________

Back 40

centromere position

Front 41

homologous chromosomes may also be called

Back 41

homologs

Front 42

homologous chromosomes are:

Back 42

chromosomes that match in size, shape, and banding

Front 43

How is a karyotype produced?

Back 43

taking images of stained chromosomes and arranging them in homologous pairs of decreasing size

Front 44

autosomes

Back 44

the 44 matching chromosomes within humans

Front 45

the two unmatched chromosomes in humans are called:

why?

Back 45

The sex chromosomes; they determine sex of the individual

Front 46

What's the smallest chromosome?

Back 46

autosome 21

Front 47

What is the probability that Down syndrome comes from the mother?

Back 47

80%

Front 48

amniocentesis

Back 48

surgical procedure for obtaining a sample of amniotic fluid from the amniotic sac in the uterus of a pregnant woman by inserting a hollow needle through the abdominal wall, used in diagnosing certain genetic defects or possible obstetric complications.

Front 49

prenatal

Back 49

previous to birth or to giving birth

Front 50

sex chromosomes provides the basis for:

Back 50

sex determination

Front 51

astride

Back 51

with a leg on each side of; straddling

Front 52

What's the ratio of sex determination?

Back 52

1:1

Front 53

What's notable about the chromosomes of someone with Klinefelter syndrome

Back 53

they're XXY

Front 54

If you're XXY, you have:

Back 54

Klinefelter syndrome

Front 55

Klinefelter syndrome symptoms:

Back 55

these males are typically tall, thin, and sterile; may also be mentally retarded

Front 56

If you're XO, you have

Back 56

Turner syndrome

Front 57

symptoms of Turner syndrome:

Back 57

these females are sterile, lack secondary sex characteristics (e.g., pubic hair), short stature, webbed necks

Front 58

An OY individual:

Back 58

dies

Front 59

What determines sex in fruit flies?

Back 59

the ratio of X chromosomes to autosomes (instead of the presence of Y)

Front 60

Will a human XYY individual survive?

Back 60

Yes, and will be normal or nearly so

Front 61

Is XX = female, XY = male universal?

Back 61

No!

Front 62

In C. elegans, XO individuals are:

Back 62

male

Front 63

In birds and butterflies, ZZ = ___ and ZW = ___

Back 63

male; female

Front 64

In anemone fish, sex determination is caused by:

Back 64

age; young adults are male, older adults are female

Front 65

heterogametic sex

Back 65

the gender producing different types of gametes: XY, XO, or ZW