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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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genetics
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the science of heredity
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progeny
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a descendant or offspring
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The linear DNA molecule stores biological information in units known as _________.
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The linear DNA molecule stores biological information in units known as nucleotides
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What are the four bases of DNA?
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cytosine, adenine, thymine, guanine
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What are the complementary pairs in DNA?
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G-C
A-T |
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The complementary base pairs can bind together through ________ bonds.
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The complementary base pairs can bind together through hydrogen bonds.
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Draw an image depicting the complementary base pairing of DNA.
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genes
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the DNA regions that encode proteins
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chromosomes
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organelles that package and manage the storage, duplication, expression, and evolution of DNA
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How many different types of chromosomes are there in humans?
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24
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genome
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The entire collection of chromosomes in each cell of an organism
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How many genes per human?
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20,000 - 30,000
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metamorphose
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to change the form or nature of; transform.
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metabolism
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the chemical and physical reactions that carry out conversions
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proteins
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large polymers composed of hundreds to thousands of amino acid subunits strung together in long chains.
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All amino acids have what two basic groups?
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1) amino group (-NH2)
2) carboxylic acid group (-COOH) |
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lactate dehydrogenase
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enzyme that catalyzes energy conversions in microorganisms such as yeast and in the muscle cells of animals
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biological systems
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collection of interacting elements that carry out a specific biological task within a cell or among groups of cells within an organism
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synapses
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the junctions between neurons
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What is thought to have been the first information-processing molecule?
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RNA
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What are the four subunits of RNA?
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G, C, A, and U (uracil)
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Why might DNA have replaced RNA?
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RNA is much less stable.
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intrinsic
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belonging to a thing by its very nature
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Pax6
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A gene that controls the development of the eye.
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Scientific name for the fruit fly?
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Drosophila melanogaster
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Scientific name for yeast?
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Scientific name for nematodes?
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Caenorhabditis elegans
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Scientific name for the house mouse?
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Mus musculus
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model organisms
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organisms that are experimentally manipulated
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introns
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DNA that does not code for protein
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exons
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protein coding regions of DNA
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When did life on Earth begin?
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3.7 billion years ago
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When did eukaryotes originate?
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2 billion years ago
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When did multi-cellular eukaryotes begin?
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~650 mya
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prokaryotic cells are unique in that they....
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lack a membrane bound nucleus. They evolved 3.7 bya.
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When did the Cambrian explosion occur?
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570 mya
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haltere
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one of a pair of short projections in dipterous insects that are modified hind wings, used for maintaining equilibrium during flight
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dipterous
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belonging or pertaining to the order Diptera, comprising the houseflies, mosquitoes, and gnats
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roundworms are called:
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nematodes
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Is an earthworm a nematode?
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No!
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DNA sequencers
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machines that sequence thousands of genes rapidly and accurately
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What does cDNA stand for?
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complementary DNA
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Mutations in BRCA1 are associated with:
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breast cancer
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germ line
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reproductive cell precursors of human embryos
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transgenic technology
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the genetic manipulation of germ lines
More specifically, involves the insertion of genes from a foreign species |
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Scientific name for pea plants?
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Pisum sativum
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