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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
acetylene
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The simplest alkyne, H-C≡C-H. Also used as a synonym for an alkyne, a generic term for compound containing a C-C triple bond. (p. 382)
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acetylide ion (alkynide ion)
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The anionic salt of a terminal alkyne. Metal acetylides organometallic compounds with a metal atom in place of the weakly acidic acetylenic hydrogen of a terminal alkyne. (p. 387)
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alkoxide ion
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R-O⁻, the conjugate base of an alcohol. (p. 387)
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alkyne
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Any compound containing a carbon-carbon triple bond. (pp. 382, 384)
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A terminal alkyne
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has a triple bond at the end of a chain, with an acetylenic hydrogen.
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An internal alkyne
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has the triple bond somewhere other than at the end of the chain. (no acetylenic hydrogen)
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amyl
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An older common name for pentyl (p. 404)
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enol
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An alcohol with the hydroxyl group bonded to a carbon atom of a carbon-carbon bond. Most enols are unstable, spontaneously isomerizing to their carbonyl tautomers, called the keto form of the compound. See tautomers. (p. 403)
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Lindlar’s catalyst
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A heterogeneous catalyst for the hydrogenation of alkynes to cis alkenes. In its most common form, it consists of a thin coating of palladium on barium sulfate, quinoline added to decrease the catalytic activity (p. 398)
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s character
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The fraction of a hybrid orbital that corresponds to an s orbital; about one-half sp hybrids, one-third for sp² hybrids, and one-fourth for sp³ hybrids. (p. 387)
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Siamyl group
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A contraction for secondary isoamyl, abbreviated "Sia." This is the 1,2-dimethylpropyl group. Disiamylborane is used for hydroboration of terminal alkynes because this bulky adds only once to the triple bond (p. 404)
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Tautomers
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Isomers that can quickly interconvert by the movement of a proton (and a double bond) from one site to another. An equilibrium between tautomers is called a tautomerism (p. 403)
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The keto-enol tautomerism is
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the equilibrium between these two tautomers.
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Vinyl cation
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A cation with a positive charge on one of the carbon atoms of a C=C double bond. The cationic carbon atom is usually sp hybridized. Vinyl cations are often generated by addition of an electrophile to a carbon-carbon triple bond. (p. 401)
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