Chap.4

Front 1

Autonomic nervous system is divided into two parts:

Back 1

sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system.

Front 2

Sympathetic nervous system

Back 2

Acts like the accelerator of a car, mobilizing the body for action and an output for energy. It makes you blush, sweat, and breathe more deeply, and it pushes up your heart rate and blood pressure.

Front 3

Parasympathetic nervous system

Back 3

is more like a brake. It doesnt stop the body, but it does tend to slow things down or keep them running smoothly. It enables the body to conserve and store energy.

Front 4

Neurons

Back 4

basic units of the nervous system. They're the brain's communication specialists, transmitting information to, from and within the central nervous system.

Front 5

Neuron has 3 main parts:

Back 5

Dendrites, a cell body, and an axon.

Front 6

Dendrites

Back 6

A neuron's branches that receive information from other neurons and transmit it toward the cell body.

Front 7

Cell body

Back 7

keeps the neuron alive. And determines whether the neuron shold transmit a message to other neurons.

Front 8

Axon

Back 8

Transmits messages away from the cell body to other neurons or to muscle or gland cells.

Front 9

Myelin sheath

Back 9

A surrounding layer of fatty material that insulates large axons.

Front 10

Nerves

Back 10

A bundle of nerve fibers (axons and sometimes dendrites) in the peripheral nervous system.

Front 11

Stem cells

Back 11

Immature cells that renew themselves and have the potential to develop into mature cells. They can develop into any cell type.

Front 12

Glial cells

Back 12

Hold neurons in place as well as nourish, insulate, and protect them.

Front 13

Synapse

Back 13

Where communication between neurons occurs; the site where transmission of a nerve impulse from one nerve cell to another occrus.

Front 14

Action potential

Back 14

A brief change in electrical voltage that occurs when a neuron is stimulated; it serves to produce an electrical impulse.

Front 15

Neurotransmitter

Back 15

A chemical substance that is released by a transmitting neuron at the synapse and that alters the antuvity or a receiving neuron.

Front 16

Neurotransmitters

Back 16

Serotonin, dopamine, acetylcholine, nerepinephrine, gaba, and glutamate.

Front 17

Endorphins

Back 17

modify the action of neurotransmitters to reduce pain and promote pleasure.

Front 18

Hormones

Back 18

Are chemical substances, secreted by glands that affect the functioning of other organs. (Melatonin, oxytocin, adrenal hormones, sex hormones).

Front 19

Melatonin

Back 19

Promotes sleep

Front 20

Oxytocin

Back 20

Plays a role in attachment and trust.

Front 21

Adrenal hormones

Back 21

Such as epinerine and norepinephrine, are involved in emotions, memory, and stress.

Front 22

Sex hormones

Back 22

Are involved in physical changes of puberty; estrogen and progesterone are involved in the menstrual cycle and testosterone is involved in sexual arousal.

Front 23

Localization of function

Back 23

All modern brain theories

Front 24

Brain stem

Back 24

is in the lower brain

Front 25

medulla

Back 25

controls automatic functions such as heartbeat and breathing.

Front 26

pons

Back 26

involved in sleeping, waking and dreaming.

Front 27

reticular activating system

Back 27

a dense network of neurons, screens incoming info. and responsible for alertness

Front 28

cerebellum

Back 28

contributes to balance and muscle coordination

Front 29

thalamus

Back 29

directs sensory messages

Front 30

Limbic system

Back 30

group of brain areas involved in emotional reactions and motivated behavior.

Front 31

amygdala

Back 31

evaluates sensory info and determines its emotional importance and helps to make the initial decision to approach or withdraw from a situation.

Front 32

cerebrum

Back 32

contains much of the brain's circuitry

Front 33

cerebral cortex

Back 33

thin layers of cells that cover the cerebral hemispheres

Front 34

occipital lobes

Back 34

contain the visual cortex

Front 35

parietal lobes

Back 35

contain the somatosensory cortex, which receives info about pressure, pain, touch, and temperature.

Front 36

frontal lobes

Back 36

involved in social judgment, the making and carrying out of plans, and decision making.