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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
joint
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articulation or arthrosis, point of contact between 2bones, bone and cartilage or between bone and teeth
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fibrous
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no synovial cavity, held together by connective tissue, little to no movement
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3 types of fibrous joints
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Suture, syndemoses (amphiaarthrosis) and gomphoses (synarthrosis)
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Suture fibrous joints
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between skull bones thin layer of dense fibrous connective tissue. synarthrosis(immovable)
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syndemoses fibrous joint
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more fibrous connective tissue, allows slight movement(amphiarthrosis) Exp: interosseus membrane between tibia/fibula
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gomphosis fibrous joints
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cone shaped peg that fits into a socket (synarthrosis) exp: Teeth
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cartilaginous joints
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no synovial cavity, fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage, little to no movement
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2 types of cartilaginous joints
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synchondroses and symphyses
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synchondroses cartilaginous joints
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connecting material is hyaline cartilage
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symphyses cartilaginous joint
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ends of articulating bones covered with hyaline cartilage but bones connected by fibrocartilage. All found in body midline (ampiarthrosis)
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synovial joints
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held together by ligaments, most common
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types of synovial joints
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planar, hinge, pivot, condyloid or ellipsoidal, saddle and ball and socket
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synovial fluid
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reduces friction, supplies nutrients and removes metobolic waste (shock absorption)
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planar or gliding
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flat or slightly curved articulating surfaces (intercarpal joints)
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hinge
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convex into concave (elbow, knee, ankle)
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pivot
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rounded, pointed surface with ring formed partially by bone and partly by ligament (atlanto-axial joint, radioulnar joint)
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condyloid or ellipsoidal
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convex oval shaped projection fits into oval-shaped depression of another bone (wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints)
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saddle
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Horse and rider configuration (carpometacarpol joint between trapezium and metacarpal of thumb)
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ball and socket
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shoulder and hip
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Bursae
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fluid filled saclike structure which alleviate friction in some joints as in shoulder and knee
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synarthrosis
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no movement
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amphiarthrosis
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slightly movable
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diarthrosis
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free moving
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tendon sheath
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tubelike bursae wrapping around tendons where there is considerable friction (shoulder)
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flexion/extension
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decrease in angle between bones/increase in angle (sagital plane)
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abduction/adduction
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movement of bone away from midline/toward midline (frontal plane)
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medial rotation/lateral rotation
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movement of bone around longitudial axis (hip, shoulder)
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pronation/supination
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movement of forearm that turns palm posteriorly/anteriorly
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eversion/inversion
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lateral movement of the sole/ medial movement
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plantarflexion/dorsiflexion
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bending of foot down/bending up
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elevation/depression
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superior movement of body part/inferior movement of body part (jaw)
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upward rotation/downward rotation
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lifting of shoulder/lowering of shoulder
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lateral flexion
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movement of trunk (leaning to the side)
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protraction/retraction
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chin forward/chin back
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circumduction
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flexion,abduction, extension and adduction in order (circle)
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atlanto-occipital
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c1-condyloid
no abduction or adduction flexion/extension |
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atlanto-axial
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atlas and axis
pivot |
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intervertebral
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between the facets
gliding, flex/ext and rotation |
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temporomandibular
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temple/mandible
hinge and planar |
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pectoral girdle
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scapula and clavicle
protract/retract, elevate/depress, up rotation/down rotation |
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glenohumeral
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shoulder joint
ball and socket |
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elbow
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hinge
flex and extend |
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radioulnar
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radius/ulna
pivot, rotation |
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radiocarpal
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wrist
condyloid flex/ext, ab/add, circumduct |
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intercarpal
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between proximal and distal carpal bones
glide |
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metocarpophalangeal
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knuckles
condyloid flex/ext, ab/add, circumduct |
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interphalangeal
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fingers and toes
hinge |
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coxal
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hip
ball and socket flex/ext, ab/add, circum, medial/lateral rotation |
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tibiofemoral
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knee
hinge flex/ext |
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talocrural
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ankle
hinge flex/ext, dorsal and planarflexion |
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intertarsal
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glide
inversion and eversion |
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luxation
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dislocate, displacement of joint
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subluxation
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partial or incomplete dislocation
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ROM
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how far a joint can be moved
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factors that affect joint ROM
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structure and shape of bones, stenght of ligaments, , disuse, muscle, contact of soft parts, hormones
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arthritis
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form of rheumatism in which the joints are swollen, stiff and painful
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osteoarthritis
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most common, degenerative joint disease in which joint cartilage is gradually lost
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Rheumatiod arthritis
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disease in which the immune system of the body attacks it's own tissues
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gouty arthritis
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cartilage eroded by uric waste(waste of metabolism)
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