Chap 6

Front 1

Osteoporosis

Back 1

A condition that produces a reduction in bone mass sufficient to compromise normal function

Front 2

Osteoblast

Back 2

The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone

Front 3

Compact bone

Back 3

bone tissue adapted to support weight and withstand tension stress

Front 4

Yellow bone marrow

Back 4

____ contains a large percentage of fat

Front 5

diaphysis

Back 5

A fracture in the shaft of a bone would be a break in the ____

Front 6

Diploe

Back 6

the internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones

Front 7

Osteoporosis

Back 7

Drinking fluoridated water is a factor in preventing or delaying ___

Front 8

Ossification of the ends of long bones

Back 8

____ is produced by secondary ossification centers

Front 9

Support, Protection, Movement, Mineral and growth factor storage, Blood cell formation, Triglyceride (fat) storage

Back 9

Functions of skeletal system:

Front 10

Osteon

Back 10

Structural unit of compact bone

Front 11

Periosteum

Back 11

Bones are covered and lined by a protective tissue called ____

Front 12

osteogenic

osteoblasts & osteoclasts

Back 12

the inner ___ layer of periosteum consists primarily of ____

Front 13

Perforating (Sharpey's) fibers

Back 13

dense connective tissue that secures the periosteum to the underlying bone

Front 14

blood vessels and nerve fibers

Back 14

The canal that runs through the core of each osteon is the site of ____

Front 15

small spaces in bone tissue that are holes

Back 15

What are Lacunae?

Front 16

Osteocytes

Back 16

___ live in Lacunae

Front 17

Appositional Growth

Back 17

the process of bones increasing in width

Front 18

irregular

Back 18

Vertebrae are considered ___ bones

Front 19

transverse fracture

Back 19

A bone fracture perpendicular to the bone's axis:

Front 20

Appositional and Interstitial Growth

Back 20

Cartilage grows in two ways:

Front 21

Appositional Growth

Back 21

The secretion of new matrix against the external face of existing cartilage

Front 22

Interstitial Growth

Back 22

Chondrocytes in the lacunae divide and secrete matrix allowing cartilage to grow from within.

Front 23

by pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis

Back 23

In the epiphyseal plate, cartilage grows ___

Front 24

Spongy Bones

Back 24

______ are made up of a framework called trabeculae

Front 25

Osteogenesis

Back 25

The process of bone formation

Front 26

infancy and childhood

Back 26

Growth Hormone is important for bone growth during ______

Front 27

calcium, phosphate, vitamin D

Back 27

Normal bone formation and growth are dependent on the adequate intake of _____, ______, and _______

Front 28

Greenstick

Back 28

Which fracture would be least likely in a 92-year-old?

Compression

Greenstick

Comminuted

Spiral

Front 29

pain in a bone

Back 29

Ostealgia

Front 30

An ossification center forms in the fibrous connective tissue

Back 30

What is necessary for Intramembranous Ossification to take place?

Front 31

Parathyroid Hormone

Back 31

Increases Osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the blood stream

Front 32

40

Back 32

The universal loss of mass in skeleton begins about the age of ___

Front 33

reflects incomplete osteon formation and mineralization

Back 33

The universal loss of mass in the skeleton ___

Front 34

Hyaline Cartilage

Back 34

tissue that is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo:

Front 35

Insterstitial growth of the epiphyseal plates

Back 35

Lengthwise, long bone growth during infancy and youth is exclusively through ____

Front 36

the epiphyseal plate of long bones closing too early

Back 36

Elevated levels of sex hormone might cause what in children?

Front 37

A deficiency of growth hormone

Back 37

Decreased proliferation of the epiphyseal plate cartilage is caused by what during bone formation?

Front 38

Greenstick

Back 38

An incomplete fracture or cracking of the bone without actual separation of the parts. Common in children.

Front 39

Comminuted

Back 39

Bone fragments into many pieces

Front 40

Spiral

Back 40

Common sports fracture resulting from a twisting force

Front 41

Osteoclasts

Back 41

Cells that can dissolve the bony matrix

Front 42

Lamellae

Back 42

Layers of bone matrix

Front 43

Osteoblasts

Back 43

Cells that can build bony matrix

Front 44

Chondrocytes

Back 44

The cells responsible for the early stages of Endochondral Ossification

Front 45

Diaphysis

Back 45

The area of long bones where cartilage cells are replaced by bone cells

Front 46

the end of bone growth

Back 46

What does the appearance of the Epiphyseal Line signal?

Front 47

Epiphyseal Plate

Back 47

Area where bone longitudinal growth takes place

Front 48

Long bone

Back 48

the radius is an example of ___

Front 49

Short bone

Back 49

Carpals are an example of ___

Front 50

Sesamoid bone

Back 50

Patella is an example of ____

Front 51

Flat bone

Back 51

Scapula is an example of ___

Front 52

Irregular bone

Back 52

Hip bones are an example of ____

Front 53

Ramus

Back 53

a projection that helps to form joints

Front 54

epiphyseal plate

Back 54

which structure allows the diaphysis of bone to increase in length until early childhood, as well as shaping the articular surfaces?

Front 55

Hyaline

Back 55

the most abundant skeletal cartilage type

Front 56

within fibrous membrane

Back 56

Cranial bones develop ____

Front 57

Hematopoiesis

Back 57

Blood cell formation

Front 58

Sesamoid

Back 58

a bone embedded in a tendon

Front 59

Endochondral Ossification

Back 59

A long bone forms by a process known as ___

Front 60

Osteoporosis

Back 60

disease of bone where bone reabsorption outpaces bone deposit, leaving person with thin and fragile bones

Front 61

Organic matrix

Back 61

___ matrix contributes to the bone structure and its tensile strength

Front 62

Inorganic Matrix

Back 62

____ matrix contributes to hardness and resistance to compression

Front 63

Diaphysis

Back 63

____ in long bones has a large medullary cavity

Front 64

Osteomalacia

Back 64

Bone formed is poorly mineralized and soft. Deforms on weight bearing

Front 65

Paget's Disease

Back 65

Abnormal bone formation and reabsorption

Front 66

Endosteum

Back 66

The lining of the marrow cavity

Front 67

Appositional Growth

Back 67

matrix is laid down on the surface

Front 68

Hematopoiesis

Back 68

the formation of blood cells within the red marrow cavities of certain bones

Front 69

FALSE

Back 69

compact bone is replaced more often than spongy bone

T/F?

Front 70

FALSE

Back 70

Bones are classified by whether they are weight bearing or protective in function

T/F?

Front 71

Osteoid

Back 71

the organic part of the matrix of compact bones

Front 72

Hydroxyapatite

Back 72

65% of mass of bone is a compound called ___

Front 73

Osteocytes

Back 73

Mature bone cells that are embedded in the matrix