Chap 26 Reproductive System

Front 1

Pairs of similar chromosomes are called

Back 1

homologues

Front 2

The number of chromosomes present in human gametes is ____, which is referred to as haploid or n chromosomal number

Back 2

23...

Front 3

When a sperm and egg fuse they form a ______ that reestablishes the diploid chromosomal number

Back 3

zygote... (fertilized egg)

Front 4

Cells divide by ______: A unique type of cellular division that occurs in the gonads.

Back 4

meiosis

Front 5

______ is an exchange of genetic material between the chromosomes of a chromosome pair, which increases genetic variation among offspring

Back 5

crossing over

Front 6

During ________, each daughter cell receives both copies of either the maternal chromosome or the paternal chromosome from each chromosome pair.

Back 6

anaphase I

Front 7

The process of_____ will separate the duplicate chromatids.

Back 7

meiosis II

Front 8

the male gonads are called?

Back 8

testes

Front 9

B. Development of the testes begins in the
__________ During the last two months before birth or shortly after birth they descend through the _______ into the scrotum.

Back 9

abdominal cavity. inguinal canal

Front 10

Failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum is called ______ a condition that can result in infertility if not corrected.

Back 10

cryptorchidism,

Front 11

one to four highly coiled tubules that are located in each lobule of the testes are called?

Back 11

Seminiferous tubules

Front 12

the process of sperm formation that occurs in the seminiferous tubules is called?

Back 12

Spermatogenesis

Front 13

when does Spermatogenesis begin?

Back 13

in the fetus

Front 14

Some spermatogonia enter into meiosis to ultimately become __________

Back 14

spermatozoa.

Front 15

D. The immature cells (_________) are located along the wall of the tubule, and as they progress through meiosis, they are moved by the _____ cell’s cytoplasm toward the lumen of the seminiferous tubule.

Back 15

spermatogonia...Sertoli

Front 16

clusters of cells that are located between the seminiferous tubules and are responsible for producing testosterone are?

Back 16

Interstitial cells of Leydig

Front 17

The ductus deferens and the duct from the seminal vesicle join to form the __________

Back 17

ejaculatory ducts

Front 18

which glandular accessory organ produces the largest proportion of semen

Back 18

the seminal vesicles

Front 19

what is erection and what division of the ANS regulates it?

Back 19

erection is stiffening of the penis that occurs when blood is prevented from leaving the penis. It is caused by the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

Front 20

what occurs during resolution and what is the result?

Back 20

Resolution is a period of muscular and psychological relaxation that follows orgasm. It results as the sympathetic nervous system constricts the internal pudendal arteries, reducing blood flow to the penis, and activates small muscles that force blood out of the penis.

Front 21

the process by which most body cells divide is called ______. In gamete formation in the gonads, this nuclear division is called _________

Back 21

mitosis/meiosis

Front 22

Which hormone stimulates the corpus luteum to continue producing progesterone and estrogen after 10 days?

Back 22

hCG

Front 23

Through which structure do both semen and urine flow?

Back 23

Prostatic urethra

Front 24

Which hormone stimulates proliferation of the endometrium?

Back 24

Estrogen

Front 25

Blocking receptor sites for LH on Leydig cells will drastically reduced the levels of which hormone?

Back 25

Testosterone

Front 26

What effect does high progesterone levels have on the uterus?

Back 26

Causes glands to produce secretions

Front 27

Which hormone, if elevated, would increase the production of FSH and LH?

Back 27

GnRH

Front 28

Prostate enlargement can compress which structure preventing the passage of sperm into the penis?

Back 28

ejaculatory duct

Front 29

Which process will not occur if there is no LH surge?

Back 29

Conversion of a primary oocyte to a secondary oocyte

Front 30

when does Meiosis of oocytes begin

Back 30

before birth

Front 31

the testes have both _____ and ________ functions. They secrete ______ into the vas deferens and ______ into the blood.

Back 31

exocrine and endocrine functions...
secrete sperm into the vas deferens and testosterone into the blood.

Front 32

______decrease the viscosity of the mucus covering the cervix and stimulates reverse peristalsis in the uterus and the ovarian tubes.

Back 32

Prostaglandins

Front 33

Secretions from the seminal vesicles constitute ______% of the volume of semen.

Back 33

60

Front 34

the proper name for an egg cell is an ____

Back 34

ova or oocytes

Front 35

when a sperm first meets an oocyte is is called a ______ which later becomes an _____

Back 35

zygote ...embryo

Front 36

what is the goal for mitosis and meiosis?

Back 36

to split the dna in half

Front 37

After the cell has completed the first meiotic division it contains ______amount of DNA and ______ the chromosomes as the original cell

Back 37

same amount of dna and half the chromosomes as the original cell

Front 38

in the four cells that are created out of meiosis how many are viable for a male and how many for a female?

Back 38

four viable cells for a male... 1 for a female

Front 39

when a cell goes through mitosis the finished product cells have _ chromosomes, whereas in meiosis they have _ chromosomes

Back 39

4 vs 2

Front 40

in meiosis and mitosis what are the non viable cells called?

Back 40

polar bodies

Front 41

in which stage of cell division are primary spermatocytes and primary oocytes?

Back 41

prophase 1

Front 42

in which stages of cell division are secondary spermatocytes? how about secondary oocytes?

Back 42

secondary spermatocytes are in prophase 2 secondary oocytes are in metaphase 2

Front 43

what are found inside of the lobules of the testes?

Back 43

seminiferous tubules (this is where the sperm are being produced)

Front 44

difference between type A spermatagonium and type B spermatagonium??

Back 44

type a goes into mitosis... type b goes into meiosis

Front 45

the differenciation process of going from an early spermatid to a late spermatid is called?

Back 45

spermiogenesis (the whole process of creating sperm is called spermatogenesis)

Front 46

the release of the sperm into the seminiferous tubule is called?

Back 46

spermiation

Front 47

how many chromosomes does a secondary spermatocyte contain?

Back 47

23

Front 48

which of the following cells contains 46 chromosomes and double the amount of DNA as compared to a somatic cell?

spermatogonium
primary spermatocyte
secondary spermatocyte
early spermatid
late spermatid

Back 48

primary spermatocyte

Front 49

which of the following cells contains half the number of chromosomes and the same amount of dna as compared to a somatic cell?

spermatogonium
primary spermatocyte
secondary spermatocyte
early spermatid
late spermatid

Back 49

secondary spermatocyte

Front 50

the cytoplasm of which cell supports and nourishes developing germ cells?

Back 50

sertoli cells

Front 51

Sertoli cells have receptors for ____
They produce inhibin and ABP

Back 51

FSH (Follicular Stimulating Hormone released by the anterior pituitary gland)

Front 52

What does ABP (androgen binding protien) bind to?

Back 52

testosterone

Front 53

the interstitial cells of leydig produce ______ under the influence of which hormone

Back 53

testosterone under lh

Front 54

what carries out the absorption and secretion in the epidydimis?

Back 54

the long microvilli (stereovilli)

Front 55

where do sperm develop motility?

Back 55

in the epididymis

Front 56

how does the sperm move through the vas deferens?

Back 56

by peristalsis

Front 57

what does the spermatic cord travel through to get to the abdominal cavity?

Back 57

the inguinal canal

Front 58

what is the slightly enlarged portion of the ductus deferens called?

Back 58

the ampulla

Front 59

what does the seminal vessicle do?

Back 59

produces secretions (fructose:for sperm production) and prostaglandins

Front 60

_______ decreases the viscosity of the mucus covering the cervix and stimulates reverse peristalsis in the uterus and the uterine tubes

Back 60

prostaglandins

Front 61

the glands beneath the prostate are the ________ what do they do?

Back 61

bulborethral glands... they secrete alkaline fluid to protect the sperm by neutralizing acid from urine... it also lubricates the urethra for the passage of sperm

Front 62

which cell protects the developing sperm from antibodies produced by immune cells?

Back 62

sertoli cell

Front 63

which cell produces the hormones inhibin and abp?

Back 63

sertoli cells

Front 64

at the start of an erection parasympathetic nervous system stimulation causes a release of _____

Back 64

NO (nonadrenergic, noncholinergic neuron)