Chap 13, Nutrition

Front 1

What makes eating disorders so hard to classify?

Back 1

they occur as a continuum.

Front 2

What is normal eating?

Back 2

Peoples’ attitudes toward eating and body image occur on a continuum.

Front 3

Body image:

Back 3

a persons perception of his or her body's appearance and functioning

Front 4

What is the difference between eating disorder and disordered eating?

Back 4

Eating disorder: psychiatric condition involving extreme body dissatisfaction and long term eating patterns harming the bodies

Disordered eating: variety of abnormal or atypical eating behaviors used to reduce weight

Front 5

What are examples of eating disorders and behaviors?

Back 5

- severe food restriction
- obsessive exercising
- self induced vomiting....
- anorexia, bulimia

Front 6

Anorexia Nervosa:

Back 6

potentially life-threatening eating disorder that is characterized by self-starvation, which eventually leads to severe nutrient deficiencies

Front 7

Bulimia Nervosa:

Back 7

characterized by recurrent episodes of extreme overeating and compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain, such as self induced vomiting, misusing of laxatives, fasting, or exercising excessively

Front 8

ED- NOS:

Back 8

Eating disorders- not otherwise specified
- cluster of symptoms and behaviors
- can significantly impair an persons heath
- Binge eating disorder is under here

Front 9

What factors contribute to the development of eating disorders?
what are the two main categories?

Back 9

1. Genetic and biological factors
2. Environmental factors
•Family environment
•Media images
•Sociocultural values

Front 10

1. Genetic and biological factors

Back 10

- The probability of having an eating disorder is several times higher if a biological relative also has an eating disorder.
This implies that there may be a genetic component; however, it is very difficult to separate genetic and environmental influences.

Individuals with eating disorders may exhibit specific personality traits.

- imbalances in chemicals are also being looked at
- role of serotonin, may have high serotonin production

Front 11

Personality traits

Back 11

- people with anorexia have high rates of OCD, genetic
- perfectionism
- social problems
- complience,

Bulimia:
- impulsive, low self esteem, seek attention admiration

Front 12

Environmental factors

Back 12

A genetic predisposition for an eating disorder may not be manifested until the environment triggers the behaviour.

Environments experiences play a role in the development of an eating disorder in 20-40% of individuals diagnosed with the disease.

Front 13

Family environment

Back 13

•Our family influences what we eat and our patterns with regard to eating.
•Families with an anorexicmember seem to have a more rigid family structure.
•Families in which a member has bulimiashow a less stable family organization.

Front 14

Media images

Back 14

•Computer-enhanced images of “perfect” bodies fill the media.
•Adolescents are not always able to distinguish between reality and media fantasy.
•Comparing themselves to these images, adolescents may develop a negative body image.

Front 15

Sociocultural values

Back 15

Western culture values slenderness as beautiful and as a sign of self-discipline, health, and wealth.
•These cultural values influence a person’s body image and can contribute to eating disorders.

- in cross cultural analysis shows that is mostly western cultures that have a high incidence of eating disorders.

- family, friends, teachers, teacher, co workers can greatly influence us. and those with disorders show higher pressure from the outside then those without
- bullying

Front 16

Anorexia nervosa: definition, stats?

Back 16

medical disorder in which unhealthful behaviours are used to maintain a body weight less than 85% of expected weight.
•90-95% are young girls and women
•0.5-4% of Canadian females will develop anorexia
•5-20% of females with anorexia will die from complications

Front 17

Symptoms of anorexia nervosa:

Back 17

- extremely restrictive eating practices
- self- starvation
- intense fear of weight gain
- amenorrhea: no period for 3 months
- unhealthful body image

Front 18

Primary amenorrhea

Back 18

when a girl hasnt began period by 16 yrs, even though she has secondary sex charac.

Front 19

Secondary

Back 19

- when i girl dosnt have period for at least 3 months after menarche

Front 20

Health Risks of AN:

Back 20

- stop in growth
- Electrolyte imbalance
•Cardiovascular problems: slow HR, low BP, heart failure
•Gastrointestinal problems: weak, lose function, IBS, constipation,
•Bone problems leading to osteoporosis: no calcium, vitamins D and K, protein
•Muscle and organ wasting
•Infertility
•Dry skin, hair loss, brittle nails

Front 21

Bulimia Nervosa

Back 21

eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging.

Front 22

Binge eating:

Back 22

eating a large amount of food in a short period of time.

Front 23

Purging

Back 23

an attempt to rid the body of unwanted food by vomiting, laxatives, fasting, excessive exercise or other means.

Front 24

Stats of Bulimia nervosa? how many women are effected? women to men ratio? how many die?

Back 24

•Affects 1 to 4% of women
•Affects women more than men, with a male-female ratio of between 1:6 and 1:10
•1% of bulimia patients will die from complications within 10 years of diagnosis
•Rates for men are higher in sports where participants are encouraged to have low body weight.

Front 25

Symptoms:

Back 25

Recurrent episodes of binge eating
•Recurrent inappropriate behaviour to compensate for binge eating (vomiting, laxatives, diuretics, fasting, exercise)
•Binge eating occurs on average at least twice a week for three months
•Negative body image
- sometimes periods of eating, following by periods of fasting
-

Front 26

Health Risks:

Back 26

Electrolyte imbalance –caused by dehydration and loss of sodium and potassium ions from vomiting
•Gastrointestinal problems
•Dental problems
•Calluses on backs of hands or knuckles
•Swelling of the cheeks or jaw area

Front 27

Eating Disorders –Not Otherwise Specified:

Back 27

an eating disorder that does not meet the specific criteria for classification as anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa.
•Includes many different types of disordered eating patterns.
•Become preoccupied with what they eat, how much they eat, and whether foods are “good” or “bad”.

Front 28

Characteristics:

Back 28

- females, all criteria for AN except regular menses
- all AN, except weight in normal range
- al BN, except binge eating less than twice a week
- repeated chewing, or spitting out food

Front 29

Health Risks:

Back 29

Poor nutrient and energy intakes
•Decreased total daily energy expenditure due to reduced basal metabolic rate
•Decreased ability to exercise
•Psychological stresses
•Increased risk of developing anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa

Front 30

Weight cycling:

Back 30

when a person who is normal weight or overweight successfully loses weight from dieting but regains the weight and then repeats the cycle.

Front 31

•Chronic dieting:.

Back 31

consistently and successfully restricting energy intake to maintain an average or below average body weight.

- experience a lot of stress related to eating

Front 32

Binge Eating Disorder:

Back 32

Charaterized by bing eating on everage of twice a week or more without compensatory behaviors, such as dieting or exercise

Front 33

Symptoms:

Back 33

Often overweight
•A sense of lack of control during binging
•Chaotic eating behaviours (eating too fast, too much, in private)
•Negative self-esteem, poor body image
•Often associated with depression, substance abuse, anxiety disorders

Front 34

Characteristics:

Back 34

- men as much as women,
- cannot resist food,
- low self esteem,
- depression in 50-60 % of people with binge eating
- substance abuse, anxiety disorders

Front 35

Health risks:

Back 35

Increased risk of overweight or obesity
•Foods eaten during binging are often high in fat and sugar
•Stress leads to psychological effects

Front 36

Female athlete triad:

Back 36

serious medical syndrome frequently seen in female athletes; consists of:
•Disordered eating
•Menstrual dysfunction
•Osteoporosis

Front 37

Where is this most common?

Back 37

Seen especially in sports that emphasize lean bodies or use subjective scoring
- endurence sports
- body contourning outfitted sports
- weigh ins for precipitation
- preadolescent body build for success

Front 38

Successful treatment requirements?

Back 38

Need a team:
-Patient
•Physician
•Nutritional counselors
•Psychiatric counselors
•Clinician kinesiologist

Front 39

Treatment for Eating disorders:

Back 39

Many different treatment plans are used depending on the needs of the patient

Treatment plans may include:
•Nutritional rehabilitation
•Psychosocial interventions
•Medications
•Lifestyle rehabilitation

Front 40

Treatment for anorexia should include:

Back 40

Restore healthy weight
•Treat complications
•Encourage healthful behaviours
•Correct dysfunctional feelings toward the eating disorder
•Enlist the help of family and friends

Front 41

Bulimia treatments

Back 41

Identify and modify the events that trigger binging and purging behaviours
•Monitor and alter thought patterns related to food and body image
•Include family and friends to support the patient

Front 42

Prevention of eating disorders requires:

Back 42

Reducing weight-related criticism of children and young adults
•Identifying unrealistic body images in the media
•Participation in physical activity and sports
•Modeling a healthy diet by parents