Chap 1 A&p - General Terms

Front 1

Anatomy

Back 1

Study of the STRUCTURE of the body and individual parts –“How is the body made?”

Front 2

Physiology

Back 2

Study of FUNCTION of the body parts and overall function of body – “How does the body work?”

Front 3

Pathology

Back 3

Study of ABNORMAL STRUCTURES that result of disease

Front 4

Pathophysiology

Back 4

study of Abnormal FUNCTION of body or individual parts as a result of disease

Front 5

Difference between SYMPTOMS and SIGNS

Back 5

Symptoms are taken from the patient interview

Signs: the provider gathers through examining the patient

Front 6

how does the scientific method contribute to the development of our understanding.

Back 6

It is the process of collecting data via observation/experimentation, then formulating a hypothesis and testing it for validity or falesness. It also offers the experiment to provide an explanation of FALSIFIABILITY. Based on the experimenters findings, other qualified experimenters can try and replicate the findings to confirm or deny.

Front 7

hierarchy of organization (7 things)

Back 7

Organism
Organ System
Tissue
Cells
Organelles
Molecules
Atoms

Front 8

Briefly Explain
Organism
Organ System
Organ
Tissue
Cells
Organelles
Molecules
Atoms

Back 8

Organism- a complete individual
Organ System- group w/ a unique collective function (we have 11)
Organ- structure of 2 + tissue types working together to carry out a particular function
Tissue - Mass of similar cells
Cells - smallest units of an organism that carryout all the basic functions of life (smallest considered alive)
Organelles - composition of molecules (Protein, Lipids, DNA)
Molecules- a particle composed of at least two atoms
Atoms - the smallest particle with unique chemical identites

Front 9

4 Tissue Types

Back 9

Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Muscular

Front 10

Dissection

Back 10

The careful cutting and separation of tissue to reveal their relationships

Front 11

Gross Anatomy

Back 11

The structure that can be seen with the naked eye
(vs microscopic anatomy)

Front 12

Histology

Back 12

Observation of cells under a microscope. Take tissue, thinly slice & stain,

Front 13

Cytology

Back 13

is the study of the structure & FUNCTION of individual cells

Front 14

Comparative Anatomy -

Back 14

Study of more that one species = structural similarities and differences; and evolutionary trends

Front 15

Comparative Physiology

Back 15

study of how diff species have solved problems (like water balance and reproduction. Also the bases for developing new drugs & med. procdures

Front 16

why it is important to recognize variations of “normal” anatomy?

Back 16

must understand normal anatomy to recognize the abnormal

Front 17

8 characteristics of life/living things

Back 17

Organization
Cell Construction
Metabolism
-anabolism
- catabolism
Responsiveness
Homeostasis
Development
- growth
- differentiation
Reproduction
Evolution

Front 18

Define
1) Organization
2) Cell Construction
(8 characteristics)

Back 18

1) great deal of energy is spent on maintaining order - breakdown can lead to disease or death
2) living matter is always compartmentalized into one or more cells

Front 19

Define
3) Metabolism
-anabolism
- catabolism
(8 characteristics)

Back 19

3) living things take in molecules from the enviro & chemically change them to form their own structures, Metabolism is the sum of all internal change.

- Catabolism is the breakdown of structure
- Anabolism is the reverse, putting things together and causing growth

Front 20

Define
4) Responsiveness
5) Homeostasis

(8 characteristics)

Back 20

4) ability to sense and react to stimuli (from cells to entire body)
5)The bodies ability to detect change, activate mechanism that opposes it and thereby maintain relatively stable internal conditions

Front 21

Define
6) Development
- growth
- differentiation
(8 characteristics)

Back 21

6) any change in form and function over the lifetime of cells that are commited to a particular task
- growth: an increase in size. growth in the body occurs through chemical change (metabolism)
- differentiation: "1 cell turns into the eyes, skin, nose, etc"

Front 22

Define
7) Reproduction
8) Evolution
(8 characteristics)

Back 22

7) reproduce
8) genetic change from generation to generation

Front 23

Situs Inversus

Back 23

organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavity are reversed.

Front 24

Negative Feedback (and example)

Back 24

change in the opposite direction, produces a corrective effect to maintain a dynamic equalibrium
Ex: Thermoregulation - to hot, blood vessels dilate, to cold, they constrict

Front 25

Positive Feedback (and example)

Back 25

is a self amplifying cycle that leads to even greater change in the same direction
Ex: Labor & Delivery

Front 26

Identify the 9 abdominal regions (I used telephone keypad grid)

Back 26

1 & 3) Hypochondriac Region
2) Epigastric Region (epi means above)
4 & 6) Lateral Abdominal Region
5) Umbilical Region
7&9) Inguinal Region
8) Hypogastric Region