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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Factors That Influences Change #1 |
Physical Environment - climate, weather, vegetarian, animal populations, and humans all affect the physical environment - environmental issues, pollution, natural disasters |
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Factors That Influences Change #2
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Proximity - societies that live in close proximity to other tend to change more rapidly than those who are remote (i.e., Islanders, Aboriginal populations) exchanges between cultures are known as intercultural contact. Past: wars, exploration, trade. today: exchanges of ideas, trade, globalization and tourism. |
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Factors That Influences Change #3
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Population changes in population due to immigration and emigration affect society. |
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Factors That Influences Change #4
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Social Environment collectivist: emphasize groups rather than individual = hard to change individualistic: emphasize individual rather than group = easy to change |
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Factors That Influences Change #5
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Leaders the emergence of a leader with charisma is an important component of social change can be good or bad depending on vision (e.g., Hitler, Martin Lither King) |
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Factors That Influences Change #6 |
Population Readiness if a population isn't ready for the kind of change proposed by the leader or elites, than change will not necessarily occur |
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Factors That Influences Change #7
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Technology wide reaching implications on a culture's social institutions, customs and values - technology affects the ways we interact with your environment - technology can drive progress in society |
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Anthropology |
the study if human beings and their ancestors through time and space and in relation to physical characteristics, environmental and social relations and culture. |
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Psychology |
the science of human or animal behaviour |
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Sociology |
the science of society, social institutions, and social relationships; specifically: The systematic study of the development, structure, interaction, and collective behaviour of organized groups of human beings |
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Asch Experiment (Conformity) Psychology |
Groups of eight male college students participated in a simple "perceptual" task. In reality, all but one of the participants were "confederates" (i.e., actors), and the true focus of the study was about how this subject would react to the confederates' behavior. Each student viewed a card with a line on it, followed by another with three lines labeled "A", "B", and "C". Each participant was then asked to say aloud which line matched the length of that on the first card. Prior to the experiment, all confederates were given specific instructions on how they should respond to each trial (card presentation). They would always unanimously nominate one comparator, but on certain trials they would give the correct response and on others, an incorrect response. The group was seated such that the real participant always responded last. In the control group, with no pressure to conform to confederates, the error rate on the critical stimuli was less than 1%.[1]In the confederate condition also, the majority of participants’ responses remained correct (63.2 per cent), but a sizable minority of responses conformed to the confederate (incorrect) answer (36.8 per cent). The responses revealed strong individual differences: Only 5 percent of participants were always swayed by the crowd. 25 percent of the sample consistently defied majority opinion, with the rest conforming on some trials. An examination of all critical trials in the experimental group revealed that one-third of all responses were incorrect. These incorrect responses often matched the incorrect response of the majority group (i.e., confederates). Overall, 75% of participants gave at least one incorrect answer out of the 12 critical trials.[1]
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What is Social Deviance? |
to ignore or go against social norms. Deviant behaviour influences society and can reinforce or change norms.
- challenges traditional norms and values - can be constructive or destructive - formal deviance, or crime, involves violation of laws Influences in deviance includes friends, education, behaviours of other people, other cultures/Ideas, differing perspectives |
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Social Deviance examples provided |
Remember, deviant means going against social norms Drug addicts Teen pregnancy Prostitutes Young offenders Mentally ill Transgendered |
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Social Deviance leading to positive change examples: |
Steve Jobs Ellen Degenres Barack Obama |
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How do sociologists conduct field work? |
archival research case study cohorts interviews surveys trends and patterns |
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How do psychologists conduct their work? |
archival research case study experiment interviews neuroimaging survey |
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How do anthropologists conduct field work? |
archaeology - culture DNA and forensic testing - biological ethnology - comparative hustorical study of culture collection - statistics comparing demographics field interviews - people in authentic environments ethnography - present-day cultures through field work participant-observation - becoming part of the group and observing from within |
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Examples of deviance |
- Homosexual couples
- Drug addicts - Teen pregnancy - Prostitutes - Young offenders - Mentally ill - Transgendered - Criminals |
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What impacts deviance |
Rational Choice Theory (criminology) suggests the decision to be deviant depends upon a cost/benefit analysis of sanctions
Differential Association theory - conformity or deviance is learned from those we spend time with Labeling Theory - behaviour is not intrinsically deviant, but becomes deviant because it is not labeled as such Strain theory - those with fewer resources are less able to achieve socially shared goals and may resort to deviant behaviours to achieve their desired goals (i.e., someone with low income shoplifts a trendy item they can’t afford) Feminist theory - abuses suffered by women are rooted in the patriarchal, capitalist system Conflict theory - deviance is a result of social inequityThe greater the power differentials and inequalities in a society, the greater the conflict |
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Deterring Negative Deviance - Strategies |
Loss of privileges
Instilling fear (i.e., cigarette warning labels, boot camps) Fines (i.e., traffic tickets, littering, etc.) Suspensions (from school, jobs) Loss of licence (vehicle, professional) ProbationIncarceration |
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Structural Functionalist Perspective |
Deviance also serves vital functions for society. - sets examples for unacceptable behaviour - bonds people together through common rejection of deviant behaviour - provides jobs for those who deal with deviants - can signal problems in a society that need to be addressed (simulated positive change) |
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3 Major Categories for Immigration
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Economic immigration skilled workers and business people selected for their skills and ability to contribute to Canada's society Family Class spouses, children, parents and grandparents of Canadian residents or citizens. Refugees Those seeking asylum/protection from danger in their home country |
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Immigration benefits to Canada |
Economic immigrants are selected based on point systems, which is based on their education, languages, experience, age, arranged employment and adaptability. Thus, many immigrants are highly educated, skilled and/or motivated. While it's often argued that immigrants take good jobs from Canadians, much unbiased research has shown that there is very little connection between immigrant behaviour and the unemployment rates of native born workers. |
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Unit 2 Infographic What social trend did you choose? |
I created an infographic on the correlation between social media, advertising, customer service and consumerism. |
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Unit 2 Infographic What direction do you WANT it to go in? |
I want people to become self aware of their actions, and recognize the cycle of consumerism large corporations have created. |
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Unit 2 Infographic What direction do you THINK it will go in? |
Sadly, I suspect the issue of globalization will continue to get worse, due to the way society has been conditioned to purchase for immediate gratification. I think the problem will continue to get worse. |
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Black Friday psychology |
Distributing/removing guilt Consuming = self approval (e.g., you don't shop, you fail) Mental Fatigue Family bonding or ritual More material items, more power - mindset |
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Black Friday anthropology |
We shop like our ancestors gathered food. Since materials are so accessible now, our primal instincts come out when a competition for material items arises. |
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Black Friday sociology |
Competition Urgency or pressure conditioned as a society to readily consume material items |
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What is globalization? |
Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations. This process is largely driven by international trade and investment, and aided by information technology. Globalization has effects on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on human physical well-being in societies around the world.
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How will globalization impact our future for better or worse? |
Better: - Undeveloped countries have higher work rates - Cultures are spread around the world Worse: - Developed countries have higher unemployment rates - The quality of life and safety of factory employees is unacceptable - Increases the level of consumerism in North America |
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Damage done to an Aboriginal Family anthropology |
- committing cultural genocide by sterilizing aboriginal people and preventing them from passing on genetic material - Taking claim on their land and destroying their environmental resources - Loss of language - Intentionally contracted them with diseases |
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Damage done to an Aboriginal Family Sociology |
- removed children from community permanently - Cultural genocide via sterilization - Loss of language - made their cultural practices illegal - Intentionally contracted them with diseases |
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Damage done to an Aboriginal Family Psychology |
- De-humanized them through our actions - limited their learning |
