Chabner Chapter 5 - Digestive System

Front 1

absorption

Back 1

passage of materials through the walls of the intestine into the bloodstream

Front 2

amino acids

Back 2

building blocks of proteins and produced when proteins are digested

Front 3

amylase

Back 3

enzyme secreted by the pancreas to digest starch

Front 4

anus

Back 4

opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body

Front 5

appendix

Back 5

blind pouch hanging from the cecum

Front 6

bile

Back 6

Digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder.

It breaks up large fat globules.

It has a bitter taste.

It is composed of bile pigments, cholesterol and bile salts.

Front 7

bilirubin

Back 7

pigment released by the liver in bile

Front 8

bowel

Back 8

intestine

Front 9

canine teeth

Back 9

pointed, dog-like (canine) teeth. next to (distal to) the incisors.

Also called cuspids and eyeteeth

Front 10

cecum

Back 10

first part of the large intestine

Front 11

colon

Back 11

large intestine:

cecum
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
rectum

Front 12

common bile duct

Back 12

carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum

Front 13

defecation

Back 13

expulsion or passage of feces from the body through the anus

Front 14

deglutition

Back 14

swallowing

Front 15

dentin

Back 15

major tissue composing teeth.

covered by the enamel in the crown

protective layer of cementum in the root

Front 16

digestion

Back 16

breakdown of complex foods to simplier forms

Front 17

duodenum

Back 17

first part of small intestine.

duo = 2
den = 10

2 + 10 = 12

the duodenum is 12 inches long

Front 18

elimination

Back 18

removal of waste material from the body

Front 19

emulsification

Back 19

physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules, thus increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat.

Front 20

enamel

Back 20

hard, outermost layer of a tooth

Front 21

enzyne

Back 21

a chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances.

digestive enzymes help in the breakdown of complex foods to simplier foods

Front 22

esophagus

Back 22

tube connecting the throat to the stomach.

eso = inward

phag/o = swallowing

Front 23

fatty acids

Back 23

substances produced when fats are digested

Front 24

feces

Back 24

solid wastes; stools

Front 25

gallbladder

Back 25

small sac under the liver; stores bile

Front 26

glucose

Back 26

simple sugar

Front 27

glycogen

Back 27

starch

glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver cells

Front 28

hydrocholoric acid

Back 28

substance produced by the stomach

necessary for digestion of food

Front 29

ileum

Back 29

3rd part of the small intestine

Front 30

incisor

Back 30

one of 4 front teeth in the dental arch

Front 31

insulin

Back 31

hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas.

transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver

Front 32

jejunum

Back 32

2nd part of the small intestine

Front 33

lipase

Back 33

pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats

Front 34

liver

Back 34

a large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen.

liver secretes bile

liver stores sugar, iron and vitamins

liver produces blood proteins

liver destroys worn-out RBCs

normal adult liver weighs 2 1/2 - 3 lbs

Front 35

lower esophangeal sphincter (LES)

Back 35

ring of muscles b/t the esophagus and the stomach

also called the cardiac sphincter

Front 36

mastication

Back 36

chewing

Front 37

molar teeth

Back 37

6th, 7th and 8th teeth from the middle on either side of the dental arch.

Front 38

palate

Back 38

roof of the mouth

the hard palate lies anterior to the soft palate

Front 39

pancreas

Back 39

organ under the stomach

produces insulin
-for transport of sugar into cells

produces enzymes
-for digestion of foods

Front 40

papillae

Back 40

small elevations on the tongue

Front 41

parotid gland

Back 41

salivary gland within the cheek

anterior to the ear

Front 42

peristalsis

Back 42

rhythm-like contractions of the tubes of the GI tract and other tubular structures.

peristalsis moves the contents through the GI tract at different rates:
-stomach: 0.5 - 2 hours
-small intestine: 2 - 6 hours
-colon: 6 - 71 hours

Front 43

pharynx

Back 43

throat

common passageway for food from the mouth and air from the nose

Front 44

portal vein

Back 44

large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines

Front 45

protease

Back 45

enzymes that digest protein

Front 46

pulp

Back 46

soft tissue within a tooth

contains nerves and blood vessels

Front 47

pyloric sphincter

Back 47

ring of muscle fibers at the distal region of the stomach where it joins at the duodenum

Front 48

rectum

Back 48

last section of the colon

Front 49

rugae

Back 49

ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach

Front 50

saliva

Back 50

digestive juice produced by salivary glands

Front 51

salivary glands

Back 51

parotid, sublingual and submandibular glands

Front 52

sigmoid colon

Back 52

lower part of the colon

shaped like an s

Front 53

sphincter

Back 53

ring of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening

Front 54

stomach

Back 54

muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus

the stomach's parts are:

-fundus (proximal section)
-body (middle section)
-antrum (distal section)

Front 55

triglycerides

Back 55

large fat molecules composed of 3 parts fatty acid and 1 part glycerol

Front 56

uvula

Back 56

soft tissue hanging from the soft palate in the mouth

Front 57

villi

Back 57

microscopic projections in the walls of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream