Ch.9

Front 1

agglutination

Back 1

the clumping together of cells as a result of interaction with specific antibodies called agglutinins

Front 2

albumin

Back 2

a plasma protein

Front 3

allergen

Back 3

a substance that can produce a hypersensitive reaction in the body

Front 4

allergy

Back 4

a hypersensitive reaction to normally harmless antigens, most of which are environmental

Front 5

anaphylaxis

Back 5

an exaggerated, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered antigen

Front 6

anisocytosis

Back 6

an abnormal condition of the blood characterized by red blood cells of variable an dabnormal size

Front 7

antibodies

Back 7

substance produced by the body in response to bateria, viruses or other foreign substances.

Front 8

ascites

Back 8

an abnormal intraperitonealaccumulation of a fluid containing large amounts of protein and elecrolytes

Front 9

basophil

Back 9

a granulocytic white bloodcell characterized by cytoplasmic granules that stain blue when exposed to a basic dye

Front 10

bilirubin

Back 10

the orange-yellow pigment of bile formed principallyby the breakdown of hemoglobin in red blood cells after termination of their normal life span

Front 11

coagulation

Back 11

the process of transforming a liquid into a solid, especially of the blood

Front 12

corpuscle

Back 12

any cell of the body

Front 13

differentiaion

Back 13

a process in development in which unspecialized cells or tissues are systemically modified and altered to achieve specific and characteristic physical forms

Front 14

dyscrasia

Back 14

an abnormal condition of the blood or bone marrow, such as leukemia, aplastic anemia

Front 15

edema

Back 15

abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues

Front 16

electrophoresis

Back 16

the movement of charged suspended particles through a liquid medium in response to changes in an electric field

Front 17

enzyme

Back 17

organic substance tha tinitiates and accelerates a chemical reation

Front 18

eosinophil

Back 18

granulocytic, bilobed leukocyte somewhat larger than a neutrophil characterized by large numbers

Front 19

erythremia

Back 19

abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells

Front 20

erythroblast

Back 20

immature red blood cell

Front 21

erythrocyte

Back 21

mature blood cell

Front 22

erythropoiesis

Back 22

process of red blood cell production

Front 23

erythropoietin

Back 23

a hormone synthesized mainly in the kidneys and released into the bloodstreamin response to anoxia

Front 24

fibrin

Back 24

stringy imsoluble protein that is the substance of a blood clot

Front 25

fibrinogen

Back 25

plasma protein that is converted into fibrin by thrombin in the presence of calcium ions

Front 26

globin

Back 26

a group of four globulin protein molecules that become bound by the iron in heme molecules to form hemoglobin

Front 27

globulin

Back 27

plasma protein made in the liver.

Front 28

granulocytes

Back 28

types of leukocyte characterized by the presence of cytoplasmic gramules

Front 29

hematologist

Back 29

medical specialist in the field of hematology

Front 30

hematology

Back 30

scientific study of a bolld and blood-forming tissues

Front 31

heme

Back 31

pigmented, iron-contining nonprotein portion of the hemoglobin molecule

Front 32

hemoglobin

Back 32

complex protein-iron compound in the blood that carries oxygen to teh cells from the lungs and carbon dioxide away form the cells to the lungs

Front 33

hemolysis

Back 33

the breakdown of red blood cells and the release of hemoglobin the occures normally at the end of the life span of a red cell

Front 34

hemorrhage

Back 34

loss of a large amount of blood in a short period of time externally or internally

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hemostasis

Back 35

termination of bleeding by mechanical or chamical means or by hte complex coagulation process of the body

Front 36

heparin

Back 36

naturally occurring anticlotting factor present in the body

Front 37

hyperalbuminemia

Back 37

increased level of albumin in the blood

Front 38

hyperlipemia

Back 38

excessive level of blood fats

Front 39

hyperbilirubinemia

Back 39

greater than normal amounts of the bile pigment bilirubin in the blood

Front 40

leukocyte

Back 40

a white blood cell

Front 41

leukocytopenia

Back 41

abnomal decreasee in the number of white blood cells to fewer than 5,000 cells per cubic millimeter

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megakaryoncyte

Back 42

extremely large bone marrow cell

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monocyte

Back 43

large nononuclear leukocyte

Front 44

myeloid

Back 44

of or pertaining to teh bone marrow or the spinal cord

Front 45

neutrophil

Back 45

a polymorphnuclear granular leukocyte that stains easily with neutral dyes

Front 46

pancytopenia

Back 46

marked reduction in the number of the red, white blood cells, platelets

Front 47

plasma

Back 47

watery gluid portion of the lymph an dthe blood in which the leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets are suspended

Front 48

platelet,

Back 48

clotting cell; thrombocyte

Front 49

prothromin

Back 49

plasma protein precursor of thrombin

Front 50

reticulocyte

Back 50

immature erythrocyte characterized by mechlike pattern of threads and particles at the former site of the nucleus

Front 51

septicemia

Back 51

systemic infection in which pathogens are present in the circulating bloodstream, having spreadfrom an infection in any part of the body

Front 52

serovonversion

Back 52

a change in serlolgic tests from negative to positive as antibodies develop in reaction to an infection or vaccine

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serology

Back 53

the branch of laboratory medicine that studies blood serum for evidence of infection by evaluating antigen

Front 54

serum

Back 54

clear, thin, sticky fluid portion of the blood that remains after coagulation

Front 55

splenomegaly

Back 55

abnormal enlargement of the spleen

Front 56

stem cell

Back 56

a formative cell

Front 57

thrombin

Back 57

an enzyme formed from prothrombin calcium, and thromboplastin in plasma during the clotting process

Front 58

thrombocyte

Back 58

a clotting cell

Front 59

thrombocytopenia

Back 59

abnomal hematologic condition in which the number of platelets is reduced

Front 60

thromboplastin

Back 60

a complex substance the initiates the clotting process by converting prothrombin into thrombin in the presence of calcium ion

Front 61

thrombus

Back 61

a clot

Front 62

agglutin

Back 62

to clump

Front 63

aniso

Back 63

unequal

Front 64

bas

Back 64

base

Front 65

blast

Back 65

embryonic stage of development

Front 66

chrom

Back 66

color

Front 67

coagul

Back 67

clotting

Front 68

cyt

Back 68

cell

Front 69

-emia

Back 69

blood condition

Front 70

eosin

Back 70

re, rosy

Front 71

erythr

Back 71

red

Front 72

-globin

Back 72

containing protein

Front 73

hem

Back 73

blood

Front 74

hemat

Back 74

blood

Front 75

is

Back 75

equal

Front 76

kary

Back 76

nucleus

Front 77

leuk

Back 77

white

Front 78

-lytic

Back 78

destruction

Front 79

mono

Back 79

one

Front 80

norph

Back 80

form, shape

Front 81

myel

Back 81

bone marrow or spinal cord

Front 82

nucle

Back 82

nucleus

Front 83

-oid

Back 83

resembling

Front 84

-osis

Back 84

condition

Front 85

-penia

Back 85

decrease in; deficiency

Front 86

-phage

Back 86

to eat

Front 87

phag

Back 87

to eat

Front 88

-philia

Back 88

attraction to

Front 89

phoresis

Back 89

transmission

Front 90

-poiesis

Back 90

formation

Front 91

poikil

Back 91

varied; irregular

Front 92

sider

Back 92

iron

Front 93

spher

Back 93

round; sphere

Front 94

-stasis

Back 94

stopping or controllin

Front 95

thromb

Back 95

clot

Front 96

anemia

Back 96

a condition in which there is a deficiency of oxygen being delivered to the cells because of a decrease in the quantity of hemoglobin or red blood cells

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hemolytic anemia

Back 97

extreve reduction in circulating RBC due to their destruction

Front 98

pernicious anemia

Back 98

a deficiency of mature RBC and the formation an dcirculation of megaloblasts

Front 99

sickle cell, anemia

Back 99

a chronic hereditary form of hemolytic anemia in which the RBC become shaped like a crescent in the presence of low oxygen concentration

Front 100

granulocytosis

Back 100

abnormally elevated number of granulocytes in the circulating blood as a reaction to any variety of inflammation or infection

Front 101

hemochromatosis

Back 101

a rare iron metabolism disease characterized by iron deposits throughout the body, usually as a complication of one of the hemolytic anemias

Front 102

hemophilia

Back 102

involves different hereditary inadequacies of coagulation factorsresulting in prolonged bleeding times

Front 103

leukemia

Back 103

excessive uncontrolled increase of immature WBC in the blood eventually leading to infection, anemia, and thrombocytopenia

Front 104

multiple myeloma

Back 104

a malignant plasma cell neoplasm

Front 105

polycythemia vera

Back 105

an abnormal increase in the number of RBC

Front 106

purpura

Back 106

a collection of blood beneath the skin in the form of pinpoint hemorrhages appearing as red-purple skin discolorations

Front 107

thalassemia

Back 107

a hereditary form of hemolytic anemia in which the alpha or beta hemoglobin chains are defective and the production of hemoglobin is deficient, creating hypochromic microcytic RBC

Front 108

direct antiglobulin test

Back 108

used to discover the presence of antierythrocyte antibdies present in theblood of an Rh negative woman.

Front 109

bleeding time

Back 109

measurement of the time required for bleeding to stop

Front 110

blood transfusion

Back 110

and administration of blood or a blood component to an individual to relace blood lost

Front 111

bone marrow biopsy

Back 111

microscopic exam of bone marrow tissue

Front 112

complete blood cell count

Back 112

series of test performed on peripheral blood

Front 113

erythrocyte sedimentation

Back 113

(ESR) a test performed on the blood, which measures the rate at which RBC settle out in a tube of unclotted blood

Front 114

hematocrit

Back 114

an assessment of RBC percentage in the total blood volume

Front 115

hemoglobin test

Back 115

concentration measurement of th ehemoglobin in the peripheral blood

Front 116

lipid profile

Back 116

measure the lipids in the blood

Front 117

partial thromboplastin

Back 117

a bolld test used to evaluate the common pathway and system of clot formation within the body

Front 118

platelet count

Back 118

the count of platelets per cubic mm of blood

Front 119

prothrombin time

Back 119

(PT) is a blood test used to evaluate the common pathway and extrinsic system of clot formation

Front 120

RBC

Back 120

the measurement of thecirculating number of RBC in 1mm cubed of peripheral blood

Front 121

red blood cell morphology

Back 121

an examination of the RBC on a stained blood smear that enables the examiner to identify the form and shape of the RBC

Front 122

reticulocyte count

Back 122

a measurement of thenumber of circulating immature erythrocytes in a blood specimen

Front 123

rouleaux

Back 123

an aggregation of RBC viewed through the microscope that may be an artifact

Front 124

schilling test

Back 124

analysis for pernicious anemia

Front 125

WBC count

Back 125

measurement of the corculatin number of WBC in 1mm cubed of peripheral blood

Front 126

WBC differential

Back 126

a measurement of the percentage of each specific type of circulating WBC present in 1mm cubed of peripheral blood

Front 127

acquired immunity

Back 127

immunity that is a result of the body developing the ability to defend itself against a specific agent

Front 128

adenoids

Back 128

masses of lymphatic tissue located near the opening of the nasal cavity into the pharynx (pharyngeal tonsils)

Front 129

edema

Back 129

accumulation of fluid within the tissue spaces

Front 130

hypersensitivity

Back 130

abnormal condition characterized by an excessive reaction to a particular stimulus

Front 131

immune reaction

Back 131

a defense function of the body that produces antibodies to destroy invading antigens and malignancies

Front 132

immunity

Back 132

the state of being resistant to or protected from a disease

Front 133

immunization

Back 133

process of creatin immunity to a specific disease

Front 134

local reaction

Back 134

a reaction to treatment that occures at the site where it was administered

Front 135

lymph

Back 135

interstitial fluid picked up by the lymphatic capillaries and eventually returned to the blood

Front 136

lymphadenopathy

Back 136

any disorder of thelymph nodes or lyph vessels

Front 137

lymphocyte

Back 137

small, agranulocytic leukocytes, originating from fetal stem celld and developing in the bone marrow

Front 138

macrophage

Back 138

any phagocytic cell involoved in the defense against infection in the disposal of the products of the breakdown of cells

Front 139

natural immunity

Back 139

immunity with which we are born; also genetic immunity

Front 140

pathogens

Back 140

disease producing microorganisms

Front 141

phagocytosis

Back 141

the process of a cell engulfing a destroying bacteria

Front 142

resistance

Back 142

the body's ability to counteract the effects of pathogens and other harmful agents

Front 143

susceptible

Back 143

a state of having a lack of resistance to pathogens and other harmful agents

Front 144

T cells

Back 144

cells that te important in the immune responce, they mature in the thymus

Front 145

tonsils

Back 145

masses of lymphatic tissue located in a protective ring, just under teh mucous membrane, surrounding the mouth and back of the throat

Front 146

cyt

Back 146

cell

Front 147

hyper

Back 147

excessive

Front 148

immun

Back 148

immune protection

Front 149

lymph

Back 149

lymph

Front 150

lymphaden

Back 150

lymph gland

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lymphangi

Back 151

lymphvessel

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mon

Back 152

one

Front 153

sarc

Back 153

flesh

Front 154

acquired immunodeficiency syndromw

Back 154

(AIDS) involves clinical conditions that destroy the body's immune system in the last or final phase of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection

Front 155

cytomegalovirus

Back 155

a large species-specific, herpes-type virus with a wide variety of disease effects

Front 156

hypersensitivity

Back 156

tissue damage resulting from exaggerated immune responses

Front 157

hypersplenism

Back 157

a syndrome involfing a deficiency of one or more types of blood cells and an enlarged spleen

Front 158

Kaposi's sarcoma

Back 158

a locally destructive malignant neoplams of the blood vessels associated with aids typically foming lesions on the skin, visceral organs, or mucous membranes.

Front 159

lymphoma

Back 159

a lymphoid tissue noeplasm that is typically malignant

Front 160

mononucleosis

Back 160

typicallly is a bening, self-limiting acute infection of the B lymphocytes

Front 161

myasthenia gravis

Back 161

an autoimmune disease in which antibodies blodk or destroy some acetylcholine receptor sites

Front 162

pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)

Back 162

is caused by a common worldwide parasite

Front 163

sarcoidosis

Back 163

a systemic inflammatory disease resulting in the formation of multiple small, round lesions in the lungs

Front 164

systemic lupus

Back 164

an inflammatory connective tissue disease

Front 165

tuberculosis

Back 165

an infectious disease, primarily affecting the lungs

Front 166

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

Back 166

a bolld test used for screening for an antibody to the aids virus

Front 167

western blot

Back 167

test detects the presence of the antibodies to HIV the virus that causes AIDS

Front 168

CT (CAT) scan

Back 168

a collection of x-ray images taken from various angles following injection of a contrast medium

Front 169

lymphangiogram

Back 169

an x-ray assessment of the lymphatic system following injection of a contrast medium into the lymph vessels in the hand or foot