Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Sites where 2 or more bones meet are called?
|
Articulations/joints
|
|
What are the 2 functions of joints?
|
1. secure bones together
2. allow rigid skeleton to move |
|
How are joints classified?
|
1. what type of material is the joint made of
2. how much joint movement is allowed |
|
what is the one body in the body that doesn't articulate with any other bone?
|
hyoid bone
|
|
What are some chracteristics of fibrous joints?
|
1. no joint cavity present
2. bones joined by fibrous tissue 3. most are synathrotic |
|
immovable joints are called _
slightly moveable joints_ freely moveable joints _ |
synarthroses
amphiarthroses diathroses |
|
rigid fibrous joints found in the bones of the cranium.
|
sutures
|
|
bones connected by fibrous tissue made of ligaments or interosseous membrane. movement increases witht the length of the connecting fibers
|
syndesmoses
ex. tibia/fibula radius/ulna |
|
peiodontal ligament made of fibrous tissse that holds teeth in their sockets
|
gomphoses
|
|
give some characteristics of cartilaginous joints
|
1. articulating bones united by cartilage
2. no joint cavity |
|
type of cartilaginous joint that unites bones with a bar or plate of hyaline cartilage
|
synchondroses
ex. ephyseal plates, joint btwn 1st rib and manubrium |
|
cartilaginous joint where outside surfaces on bones are covered with articular hyaline cartilage.
|
symphyses
|
|
articular hyaline cartilage is fused to a pad of _ on bone surfaces. this material permits little movement
|
fibrocartilage
|
|
Give some characteristics of synovial joints
|
1. articular cartilage covers the opposing bone surfaces
2. joint cavity present 3.articular capsule present-covers all surfaces except hyaline covered areas 4. synovial fluid present-provides a slippery weight beraing film that reduces friction 5. joints reinforced and strenghtened by a number of reinforcing ligaments |
|
the _ _ sepeate and improve the articulating bone ends making the joint more stable
found in the knee, jaw and sternoclavicular joints |
articular discs
|
|
Not a part of synovial joints but frequently associated with them.
|
Bursae and Tendon Sheaths
|
|
Flattened fibrous sacs lined with synovial membrane containing a thin film of synovial fluid. Common in sites where muscle, skin, or ligaments rub against bone
|
Bursae
|
|
Elongated bursae that wrap completely around a tendon subjected to friction
|
Tendon sheaths
|
|
Why must joints be stabilized?
|
so that they don't dislocate
|
|
the stability of synovial joints depends on what 3 factors?
|
1. shape of articular surface-determines wha movements are possible.
2. the # and positioning of ligaments 3. muscle tone-tendons are kept taut at all times by the tone of the muscles |
|
Where is muscle tone especially important and why?
|
Muscle tone is extremely important in knee and shoulder joints. These areas have ligaments and tendons which allo bending movement.
|
|
What are the 3 catagories of range of motion allowed by synovial joints?
|
1. nonaxial-slipping motion only
2. uniaxial - movement in 1 plane 3. multiaxial-movment in or around all 3 planes of spaces or axes |
|
How many general types of meovements do synovial joints allow?
|
3
|
|
What type of meovment is allowed by between intercarpal/tarsal bones, intervertebral, or sternoclavicular joints?
|
gliding
|
|
what type of movement of synovial joints is defined as a change of angle between 2 bones?
|
angular
|
|
what angle movment is defined as a:
1. reduce angle 2. increase angle 3. move latterally 4. move medially 5. movement of the distal end of a limb-entire limb moves like a cone |
1. flexion
2. extension 3. abduction 4. adduction 5. circumduction |
|
What synovial joint movement describes the turning movement of a bone around its own long axis?
|
rotation
|
|
what is the only movement allowed by te atlas-axis joint called?
|
rotation
|
|
what movement is common at the hip and shoulder joints?
|
rotation
|
|
Ligmanents reinforcing a joint that is stretched or torn is called?
|
sprain
|
|
where are the common areas for a sprain to occur?
|
lumbar regions of the spine, ankle and the knee.
|
|
Partially torn ligaments will repair themselves, T or F ?
|
True
|
|
How must completely ruptures ligaments be repaired and why?
|
they must be repaired surgically and quickly because the inflammatory response will turn the injured ligament to mush.
|
|
What causes cartilage injuries?
|
tearing of the cartilage is due to high pressure and twisitng motions occuring simultaneously
|
|
What can cartilage rarely repair itself?
|
because it is avascular
|
|
What can damaged cartilage framents do if not removed surgically?
|
the fragments can interfere with joint function by causing locking or binding of the joint
|
|
this occurs when bones are forced out of their normal positions at a joint.
|
dislocation
|
|
what type of injury is the most common sports injury?
|
dislocation
|
|
how is a disclocation treated?
|
bones out of position must be reduced, or put back into correct position
|
|
inflamation of a bursa caused n=by excessive stress or friction is called?
|
bursitis
|
|
what are common ways a bursistis injury occurs?
|
falling on your knee ( housemaids knee or water on the knee), prolonged leaning on the elbow (students elbow), or bacterial infection
|
|
Inflamation of the tendon sheaths is called?
|
Tendonitis
|