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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the overall equation for photosynthesis and respiration? |
6CO2 + 6H2O ----> C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
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What is chlorophyll? |
plants' principal pigment. |
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Where does light dependent reaction take place? |
thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts |
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What are the products of light dependent reaction? |
ATP and NADPH |
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Where does the Calvin Cycle take place? |
the stroma of the chloroplasts |
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What are the products of the Calvin Cycle? |
high energy sugars |
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What is the role of ATP synthase? |
It is a protein in the thylakoid membrane that rotates as H+ ions pass through converting ADP and phosphate into ATP |
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What is another name for the Calvin cycle? |
light independent reactions |
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What 3 factors affect the rate of photosynthesis? |
light intensity, water, temperature |
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How many molecules are produced from one molecule of glucose altogether? |
36 |
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What is the starting molecule for glycolysis? |
glucose |
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What is the ending molecule for glycolysis? |
pyruvic acid |
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When would pyruvic acid enter fermentation? |
when there is no oxygen |
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When would pyruvic acid enter the Krebs Cycle? |
when there is oxygen |
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What are the 3 main stages of respiration? |
glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and electron transport chain |
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What are the 2 types of fermentation? |
alcoholic and lactic acid |
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What causes soreness after a workout? |
buildup of lactic acid |
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Where does glycolysis take place? |
cytoplasm |
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Where does the Krebs Cycle take place? |
mitochondrion |
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Where does the electron transport chain take place? |
inner membrane of mitochondrion |
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What happens during glycolysis? |
a set of reactions where one molecule is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid |
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What happens during photosynthesis? |
energy is used to convert water and carbon into sugars releasing oxygen |
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Which type of fermentation creates CO2? |
alcoholic |
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What is C6H12O6 the chemical structure for? |
glucose |
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What does pigment do? |
absorb visible light |
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What net gain of ATP does glycolysis get? |
2 |
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What does ATP do? |
stores and releases energy |
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How many phosphate groups does ADP have? |
2 |
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How many phosphate groups does ATP have? |
3 |
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How does ADP turn into ATP? |
When a cell has available energy, it stores small amounts of that energy by adding it to ADP making ATP |
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How is energy released from ATP? |
by breaking the bond of the 3 phosphate groups |
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What did the scientists discover? |
in the presence of light, plants transform carbon dioxide and water into carbs and also release oxygen |
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What are thylakoids? |
saclike membranes inside chloroplasts where light dependent reactions take place |
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What is a granum? |
a stack of thylakoids |
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What is the stroma? |
the space outside the thylakoid membranes |
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What is NADP+? What does NADP+ do? |
an electron carrier that accepts and holds 2 high energy electrons along with a H+ ion that converts into NADPH |
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What does NADPH do? |
carries high energy electrons produced by light absorption to chemical reactions throughout the cell |
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What do light dependent reactions do? |
produce oxygen gas and convert ADP and NADP+ into ATP and NADPH |
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What does the Calvin Cycle do? |
uses ATP and NADPH from light dependent reactions to produce high energy sugars |
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explain the process of light dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle put together. |
light dependent reaction trap energy of sunlight in chemical form, and the Calvin Cycle uses the chemical energy to produce high energy sugars |
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What is a calorie? |
the amount of energy needed to raise 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius |
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What is cellular respiration? |
the process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food in the presence of oxygen |
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What is NAD+? |
an electron carrier that accepts a pair of high energy electrons creating NADH |
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What does NADH do? |
it holds electrons until they can be transferred to other molecules |
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What happens during fermentation? |
energy is released from food molecules making ATP without oxygen |
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What is anaerobic? |
does not require oxygen |
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What is the equation for alcoholic fermentation? |
pyruvic acid + NADH ---> alcohol + CO2 + NAD+ |
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What is the equation for lactic acid fermentation? |
pyruvic acid + NADH ---> lactic acid + NAD+ |
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What does aerobic mean? |
requires oxygen |
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What happens during the Krebs Cycle? |
pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide |
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What is FAD changed into? |
FADH2 |
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What does the electron transport chain do? |
it uses the high energy electrons from the Krebs Cycle to convert ADP into ATP |
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What are the wastes of cellular respiration? |
low energy electrons and H+ ions |
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What net gain of ATP does the Krebs Cycle and electron transport get? |
34 |
