Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Stress |
A force that acts on a rock tochange its shape or volume. |
|
Tension |
Pulls on the crust, stretching the rock so it becomes thinner in the middle. |
|
Compression |
Squeezes a rock until it folds or breaks. |
|
Shearing |
Causes rock to break and slip apart or change its shape. |
|
Normal Fault |
A normal fault is at anangle so one block of rock lies above the fault while the otherblock lies below the fault. |
|
Hanging Wall |
The rock that lies above the normal fault. |
|
Footwall |
The rock that lies below the normal fault. |
|
Reverse Fault |
The same as a normal fault except the rocks move in opposite directions. |
|
Strike-Slip Fault |
The rocks on either side of the fault slip past each other sideways,with little up or down motion. |
|
Anticline |
A fold in a rock that folds upward. |
|
Syncline |
A fold in a rock that folds downward. |
|
Plateau |
A large area of flat land elevated high above sea level. |
|
Tiltmeters |
Measure tilting or raising of the ground. |
|
Creep Meters |
Use a wire stretched across a fault to measure horizontal movement of the ground. |
|
Laser-Ranging Devices |
Use a laser beam to detect horizontal fault movements. |
|
GPS Satellites |
Scientists can monitor changes in elevation and as horizontal movement on faults using GPS. |
|
Liquefaction |
When an earthquake’s violent shaking suddenly turns loose soil into mud. |
|
Tsunamis |
Water displaced by an earthquake. |
|
Aftershocks |
An earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake in the same area. |
|
Seismogram |
The record of an earthquake’s seismic waves.
|
|
Friction |
The force that opposes themotion of one surface as it moves across another surface |
|
Base-isolated Building |
Designed to reduce the amountof energy that reaches the building during an earthquake. |
|
Earthquake |
The shaking andtrembling that results from the movement of rock beneathEarth’s surface. |
|
Focus |
Thearea beneath Earth’s surface where rock that is under stressbreaks, triggering an earthquake. |
|
Epicenter |
The point on the surfacedirectly above the focus. |
|
P Waves |
Primary waves, the first waves. Compress and expand the ground |
|
S Waves |
Secondary waves, the second waves. Vibrate from side to side. |
|
Surface Waves |
Produce severe ground movement. |
|
Mercalli Scale |
Designed to rate earthquakes according to the level of damage at a givenplace. |
|
Richter Scale |
A rating of an earthquake’smagnitude based on the size of the earthquake’s seismic waves. |