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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Why Classify?
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To study the diversity of life, biologists use a classification system to name organisms and group them in logical manner
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Binomial Nomenclature
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Two-word naming system first word genus-capitalized, second word genus within spacie lowercase, all italics
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Genus
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A group of closely related species
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Linnaeus' System of Classification
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Uses seven taxonomic categories to group
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Seven taxonomic categories
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Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, specie
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Family
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Genera that share many characteristics
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Order
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broad taxonomic category composed of similar families
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Class
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composed of similar orders
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Phylum
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Several different classes
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Kindom
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Largest and most inclusive of Linn. system
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Evolutionary Classification
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The strategy of grouping organisms together based on their evolutionary history
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Then vs. Now evol. Class.
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Biologists now group organisms into categories that represent lines of evolutionary descent, not just physical similarites
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Derived characters
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Characteristics that appear in recent parts of a lineage but not in its older members
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Cladogram
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Constructed from derived characters, shows the evolutionary relationship among a group of organisms
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DNA and RNA
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The genes of many organisms show important similarities at the molecular level. Can be used as criteria to determine classification
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Molecular Clock
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Uses DNA comparisons to estimate the length of time that two species have been evolving independantly.
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Six- Kingdom system of classification
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Kindoms Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia
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Domain
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More inclusive category than any other, larger than a kingdom
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Three Domains
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Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
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Eukarya is composed of...
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Protists, fungi, plants, and animals
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Bacteria corresponds with...
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Kindom Eubacteria
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Archaea corresponds with...
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Kingdom Archaebacteria
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Bacteria
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Uni-cellular, prokaryotes, contain cell with peptidoglycan, Autotroph&Hetero, ex:E-coli, strep throat
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Eubacteria
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ecologically diverse, ranging from free-living soil organisms to deadly parasites
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Archaea
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Cell wall w/o peptidoglycan, Ex: Metahnogens, halophiles, volcanoes, swamps
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Eukarya
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All systems that have a nucleus
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Protista
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Eukaryote, cell wall w/ cellulose or chloro., most unicellular, auto or hetero Ex: amoeba, paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp
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Fungi
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Eukaryote, cell wall w/ chitin, most multicellular, heterotroph Ex: mushrooms &yeast
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Plantae
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Eukaryote, cell walls w/ cellulose or chloroplasts, multicellular, autotroph Ex: mosses, ferns, flowering plants
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Animalia
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Eukaryote, no cell walls, multicellular, hetero Ex: sponges, worms, insects, fish, mammals
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How many species?
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1.5 million
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Taxonomy
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to classify organisms with a universally accepted name
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Who developed Binomial nomenclature?
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A swedish botanist named Carlos Linnaeus
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In taxonomy a level of organization is called a...
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Taxon
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What languages are used in assigning scientific names?
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Latin and Greek
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