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111 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
aque/o
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water
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blephar/o
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eyelid
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conjunctiv/o
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conjunctiva (to join together)
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corne/o
kerat/o |
cornea
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ir/o
irid/o |
colored circle, iris
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lacrim/o
dacry/o |
tear
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ocul/o
ophthalm/o opt/o |
eye
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phac/o
phak/o |
lens (lentil)
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phot/o
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light
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presby/o
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old age
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retin/o
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retina
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scler/o
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hard or sclera
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vitre/o
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glassy
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-opia (additional suffix)
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condition of vision
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anterior chamber
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fluid-filled space between cornea and iris
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aqueous humor
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watery liquid secreted at the ciliary body that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye and provides nourishment for the cornea, iris, and lens (humor = fluid)
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canal of schlemm
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duct in anterior chamber that carries filtered aqueous humor to the veins and bloodstream
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choroid
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vascular layer beneath the sclera that provides nourishment to outer portion of the retina
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ciliary body
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ring of muscle behind the peripheral iris that controls the focusing shape of the lens
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ciliary muscle
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smooth muscle portion of the ciliary body, which contracts to assist in near vision capability
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ciliary processes
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epithelial tissue folds on the inner surface of the ciliary body that secrete aqueous humor
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conjunctiva
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mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball
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cornea
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transparent, anterior part of the eyeball covering the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber that functions to refract (bend) light to focus a visual image
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eyelid (palpebra)
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movable protective fold that opens and closes, covering the eye
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fovea centralis
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pinpoint depression in the center of the macula lutea that is the site of sharpest vision (fovea = pit)
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fundus (base)
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interior surface of the eyeball including the retina, optic disc, macula, and posterior pole (curvature at the back of the eye)
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glands of zeis
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oil glands surrounding the eyelashes
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meibomian glands
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oil glands located along the rim of the eyelids
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iris
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colored circle; colored part of the eye located behind the cornea that contracts and dilates to regulate light passing through the pupil
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lacrimal gland
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gland located in the upper outer region above the eyeball that secretes tears
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lacrimal ducts
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tubes that carry tears to the lacrimal sac
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lacrimal sac
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structure that collects tears before emptying into nasolacrimal duct
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lens
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transparent structure behind the pupil that bends and focuses light rays on the retina
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lens capsule
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capsule that encloses the lens
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macula lutea (macula)
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central region of the retina responsible for central vision; yellow pigment provides its color (lutea = yellow)
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nasolacrimal duct
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passageway for tears from the lacrimal sac into the nose
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optic disc
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exit site of retinal nerve fibers
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optic nerve
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nerve responsible for carrying impulses for the sense of sight from the retina to the brain
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posterior chamber
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space between the back of the iris and the front of the vitreous chamber filled with aqueous humor
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pupil
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black circular opening in the center of the iris through which light passes as it enters the eye
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retina
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innermost layer that perceives and transmits light to the optic nerve
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cones
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cone-shaped cells within the retina that are color sensitive and respond to bright light
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rods
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rod-shaped cells within the retina that respond to dim light
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sclera
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tough, fibrous, white outer coat extending from the cornea to the optic nerve
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trabecular meshwork
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mesh-like structure in the anterior chamber that filters the aqueous humor as it flows into the canal of schlemm
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vitreous
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jelly-like mass filling the inner chamber between the lens and retina that gives bulk to the eye
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asthenopia
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eyestrain (asthenia = weak condition)
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blepharospasm
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involuntary contraction of the muscles surrounding the eye causing uncontrolled blinking and lid squeezing
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diplopia
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double vision
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exophthalmos
exophthalmus |
abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs
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lacrimation
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secretion of tears
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nystagmus
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involuntary, rapid oscillating movement of the eyeball (nystagmos = a nodding)
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photophobia
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extreme sensitivity to, and discomfort from, light
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scotoma
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blind spot in vision (skotos = darkness)
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refractive errors
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defects in the bending of light as it enters the eye, causing an improper focus on the retina
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astigmatism
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distorted vision caused by an oblong or cylindrical curvature of the lens or cornea that prevents light rays from coming to a single focus on the retina (stigma = point)
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hyperopia
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farsightedness; difficulty seeing close objects when light rays are focused on a point behind the retina
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myopia
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nearsightedness; difficulty seeing distant objects when light rays are focused on a point in front of the retina
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PRESBYOPIA
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impaired vision caused by old age or loss of accommodation
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ACCOMMODATION
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ability of the eye to adjust focus on near objects
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APHAKIA
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absence of the lens, usually after cataract extraction
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BLEPHARITIS
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inflammation of the eyelid
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BLEPHAROCHALASIS
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baggy eyelid; overabundance and loss of elasticity of skin on the upper eyelid causing a fold of skin to hang down over the edge of the eyelid when the eyes are open (chalasis = a slackening)
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BLEPHAROPTOSIS
PTOSIS |
drooping of the eyelid, usually caused by paralysis
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CHALAZION
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chronic nodular inflammation of a meibomian gland, usually the result of a blocked duct (chalaza = hailstone)
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CATARACT
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opaque clouding of the lens causing decreased vision
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CONJUNCTIVITIS
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pinkeye; inflammation of the conjunctiva
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DACRYOADENITIS
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inflammation of the lacrimal gland
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DACRYOCYSTITIS
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inflammation of the tear sac
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DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
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disease of the retina in diabetics characterized by capillary leakage, bleeding, and new vessel formation (neovascularization) leading to scarring and loss of vision
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ECTROPION
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outward turning of the rim of the eyelid (tropo = turning)
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ENTROPION
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inward turning of the rim of the eyelid
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EPIPHORA
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abnormal overflow of tears caused by blockage of the lacrimal duct (epi = upon, phero = to bear)
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GLAUCOMA
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a group of diseases of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure that results in damage to the optic nerve, producing defects in vision
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HORDEOLUM
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a sty; an acute infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid (hordeum = barley)
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IRITIS
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inflammation of the iris
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KERATITIS
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inflammation of the cornea
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MACULAR DEGENERATION
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breakdown or thinning of the tissues in the macula, resulting in partial or complete loss of central vision
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PSEUDOPHAKIA
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an eye in which the natural lens is replaced with an artificial lens implant (pseudo = false)
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PTERYGIUM
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a fibrous, wing-shaped growth of conjunctival tissue that extends onto the cornea, developing most commonly from prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light
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RETINAL DETACHMENT
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separation of the retina from underlying epithelium, disrupting vision and resulting in blindness if not repaired surgically
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RETINITIS
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inflammation of the retina
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STRABISMUS
HETEROTROPIA |
a condition of eye misalignment caused by intraocular muscle imbalance (strabismus = a squinting, hetero = other)
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ESOTROPIA
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right or left eye deviates inward toward nose (eso = inward, tropo = turning)
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EXOTROPIA
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right or left eye deviates outward away from nose (exo = out, tropo = turning)
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SCLERITIS
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inflammation of the sclera
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TRICHIASIS
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misdirected eyelashes that rub on conjunctiva or cornea
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DISTANCE VISUAL ACUITY
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a measure of the ability to see the details and shape of identifiable objects from a specified distance, usually from 20 feet (6m); normal distance visual acuity is 20/20
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FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHY
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visualization and photography of retinal and choroidal vessels made as fluorescein dye, which is injected into a vein, circulates through the eye
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OPTHALMOSCOPY
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use of an opthalmoscope to view the interior of the eye
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SLIT LAMP BIOMICROSCOPY
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use of a tabletop microscope used to examine the eye, especially the cornea, lens, fluids, and membranes
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SONOGRAPHY
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use of high-frequency sound waves to detect pathology within the eye, such as foreign bodies or detached retina
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TONOMETRY
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use of a tonometer to measure intraocular pressure, which is elevated in glaucoma
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BLEPHAROPLASTY
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surgical repair of an eyelid
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CATARACT EXTRACTION
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excision of a cloudy lens from the eye
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CRYORETINOPEXY
CRYOPEXY |
use of intense cold to seal a hole or tear in the retina; used to treat retinal detachment
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DACRYOCYSTECTOMY
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excision of a lacrimal sac
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ENUCLEATION
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excision of an eyeball
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IRIDECTOMY
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excision of a portion of iris tissue
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IRIDOTOMY
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incision into the iris (usually with a laser) to allow for drainage of aqueous humor from the posterior to anterior chamber; used to treat a type of glaucoma
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KERATOPLASTY
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corneal transplant
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LASER SURGERY
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use of a laser to make incisions or destroy tissues (used to create fluid passages or obliterate tumors, aneurysms, etc)
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LASER-ASSISTED IN SITU KERATOMILEUSIS (LASIK)
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a technique using the excimer laser to reshape the surface of the cornea to correct refractive errors such as myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism (smileusis = carving)
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INTRAOCULAR LENS (IOL) IMPLANT
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implantation of an artificial lens to replace a defective natural lens (e.g., after cataract extraction)
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PHACOEMULSIFICATION
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use of ultrasound to shatter and break up a cataract with aspiration and removal
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CONTACT LENS
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a small, plastic, curved disc with optical correction that fits over the cornea; used to correct refractive errors
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EYE INSTILLATION
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introduction of a medicated solution in the eye usually administered by drop (gt) or drops (gtt) in the affected eye or eyes:
OD oculus dexter - right eye OS oculus sinister - left eye OU oculi unitas - both eyes |
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EYE IRRIGATION
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washing of the eye with water or other fluid (like saline)
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ANTIBIOTIC OPHTHALMIC SOLUTION
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antimicrobial agent in solution; used to treat bacterial infections (such as conjunctivitis and corneal ulcers)
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MYDRIATIC (DILATION OF PUPIL)
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an agent that causes dilation of the pupil (used for certain eye examninations)
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MIOTIC
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an agent that causes the pupil to contract (mio = less)
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