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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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plasmid
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A relatively small fragment of DNA that can exist free in the cytoplasm of a bacterium and can be integrated into and then replicated with a chromosome. Plasmids make up about 5 percent of the DNA of many bacteria, but are rare in eukaryotes
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restriction enzymes
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Enzymes that cleave the DNA double helix at specific nucleotide sequences
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genomic library
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A library encompassing an entire genome in the nucleus or in the nucleoid of an organelle (mitochondrion, plastid) in eukaryotes or in the nucleoid of a prokaryote
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vector
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[L. vector, bearer, carrier; from vehere, to carry] (1) A pathogen that carries a disease from one organism to another; (2) in genetics, any virus or plasmid DNA into which a gene is integrated and subsequently transferred into a cell
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polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
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A technique for amplifying specific regions of DNA by multiple cycles of DNA polymerization, utilizing special primers, DNA polymerase molecules, and nucleotides; each cycle is followed by a brief heat treatment to separate complementary strands
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genetic engineering
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The manipulation of genetic material for practical purposes. Also called recombinant DNA technology
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tissue culture
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A technique for maintaining fragments of plant or animal tissue alive in a medium after removal from the organism
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genomics
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The field of genetics that studies the content, organization, and function of genetic information in whole genomes
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Ti plasmid
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A circular plasmid of Agrobacterium tumifaciens that enables the bacterium to infect plant cells and produce a tumor (crown gall tumor); a powerful tool in biotechnology in the transfer of foreign genes into plant genomes
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homology
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[Gk. homologia, agreement] A condition indicative of the same phylogenetic, or evolutionary, origin, but not necessarily the same in present structure and/or function
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