Ch10

Front 1

Acetylcholine

Back 1

Neurotransmitter chemical released at ends of nerve cells.

Front 2

Afferent Nerve

Back 2

Carries messages towards the brain and spinal cord (sensory nerve).

Front 3

Afferent

Back 3

Af- comes from ad-, meaning toward) and ferent (meaning carrying)

Front 4

Arachnoid membrane

Back 4

Middle layer of 3 membranes that surrounds the brain and spinal cord.

Front 5

Astrocyte

Back 5

Type of glial (neuroglial) cell that transports water and salts.

Hint 5

Front 6

Autonomic nervous system

Back 6

Nerves that control involuntary body functions of muscles, glands, and internal organs.

Front 7

Axon

Back 7

Microscopic fiber that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell.

Front 8

Blood-brain barrier

Back 8

Protective separation between the blood and brain cells. This makes it difficult for substances (such as anticancer drugs) to penetrate capillary walls and enter the brain.

Front 9

Brainstem

Back 9

Posterior portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord; includes the midbrain, pons, and medulla obligate.

Front 10

Central Nervous system (CNS)

Back 10

The brain and spinal cord.

Front 11

Cerebellum

Back 11

Posterior part of the brain the coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance.

Front 12

Cerebral cortex

Back 12

Outer part of the cerebrum, containing sheets of nerve cells; Gray matter of the brain.

Front 13

Cerebral fluid (CSF)

Back 13

Circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord.

Front 14

Cerebrum

Back 14

Largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory.

Front 15

Dendrite

Back 15

Microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cells that is the first part to receive the nervous impulse.

Front 16

Dura mater

Back 16

Thick outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord. Latin for hard mother.

Front 17

Efferent nerve

Back 17

Carries messages away from the brain and spinal cord; motor nerve.

Front 18

Efferent

Back 18

Ef- means away from and ferent means to carry

Front 19

Ependymal

Back 19

Glial cell that lines membranes within the brain and spinal cord and helps form cerebrospinal fluid.

Front 20

Ganglion (plural:ganglia)

Back 20

Collection of nerve cells bodies in the peripheral nervous system.

Front 21

Glial cell (neuroglial cell)

Back 21

Supportive and connective nerve cells that does not carry nervous impulses. Examples are astrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal cells, and oligodendrocytes. Glial cells can reproduce themselves, as opposed to neurons.

Front 22

Gyris (plural: gyri)

Back 22

Sheet of nerve cells that produces a rounded ridge on the surface of the cerebral cortex; convolution.

Front 23

Hypothalamus

Back 23

Portion of the brain beneath the thalamus; controls breathing, heartbeat, and size of blood vessels; nerve fibers cross over here.

Front 24

Meninges

Back 24

Three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord.

Front 25

Myelin sheath

Back 25

Covering of white fatty tissue that surrounds and insulates the axon of a nerve cells. Myelin speeds impulse conduction along axons.

Front 26

Nerves

Back 26

Macroscopic cord like collection of fibers (axons and dendrites) that carry electrical impulses.

Front 27

Neuron

Back 27

Nerves cell that carries impulses throughout the body; parenchyma of the nervous system.

Front 28

Neurotransmitter

Back 28

Chemical messenger released at the end of a nerve cells. It stimulates or inhibits another cell, which can be a nerve cell, muscle cell, or gland cell. Ex of a Neurotransmitter is serotonin.

Front 29

Oligodendrial cell

Back 29

Glial cell that forms the myelin sheath covering axons. Also called aligodebdrocyte.

Front 30

Parasumpathetic nerves

Back 30

Involuntary, autonomic nerves that regulate normal bodily functions such as heart rate, breathing, and muscles of the gastro intestinal tract.

Front 31

Parenchymal

Back 31

Essential, distinguishing tissue of any organ or system.

The parenchyma of the nervous system includes the neurons and nerves that carry nervous impulses. Parenchyma cells of the liver are hepatocytes. Pronounced par-EN-ki-ma.

Front 32

Peripheral nervous system

Back 32

Nerves oitside the brain and spinal cord: cranial, spinal, and autonomic nerves.

Front 33

Pia mater

Back 33

Thin delicate inner membrane of the meninges.

Front 34

Plexus (plexises for plural)

Back 34

Late interlacing network of nerves. Examples are lumbosacral, cervical, and brachial, (brachi/o means arm) plexuses. The term plek means to weave together

Front 35

Pons

Back 35

Part of the brain anterior to the cerebellum and between the medulla and the rest of the midbrain (Latin pins means bridge) it is a bridge connecting various parts of the brain.

Front 36

Receptor

Back 36

Organ that receives a nervous stimulus and passes it on to afferent nerves. The skin, ears, eyes, and taste buds are receptors.

Front 37

Sciatic nerve

Back 37

Nerve extending from the base if the spine down the thigh, lower lef, and foot. Sciatica is pain or inflammation along the course of the nerve.

Front 38

Sensory nerve

Back 38

Carries messages towards the brain and spinal cord from a receptor; afferent nerve.

Front 39

Spinal nerves

Back 39

31 pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord.

Front 40

Stimulus (plural: stimuli)

Back 40

Agent of change (light, touch, sound, pressure, and pain) in th3 internal or external environment that evokes a response.

Front 41

Stroma

Back 41

Connective and supporting tissue of an organ. Glial cells makeup the stromal tissue of the brain.

Front 42

Suculus

Back 42

Depression or grove in the surface of the cerebral cortex

Front 43

Sympathetic nerves

Back 43

Autonomic nerves that influence bodily functions involuntarily in times of stress.

Front 44

Synapse

Back 44

Space through which a nervous impulse travels between nerve cells or between nerve and muscle or glandular cells.

Synapsis means a poibt of contact

Front 45

Thalamus

Back 45

main relay center of the brain. Conducts impulses between spinal cord and cerebrum; incoming impulses are related through thalamus to appropriate centers in the cerebrum. Thalamus means little room.

Front 46

Vagus nerve

Back 46

10th cranial nerve (cranial nerve x) it's branches reach the larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, aorta, esophagus, and stomach. Unlike other cranial nerves the vagus "wanders" into the abdomina and thoracic cavities.

Front 47

Ventricles of the brain

Back 47

Canals in the brain the contain cerebralspinal fluid. Ventricles are also found in the heart-they are the lower 2 chambers of the heart.

Front 48

Lept

Back 48

Thin

Front 49

Mening or meningi

Back 49

Membranes

Front 50

My

Back 50

Muscle

Front 51

Myel

Back 51

Spinal cord

Front 52

Pont or pons

Back 52

Bridge in brain

Front 53

Thec

Back 53

Sheath refers to meninges

Front 54

Vag

Back 54

Vagus nerve 10th cranial nerve

Front 55

Caus

Back 55

Burning

Front 56

Comat

Back 56

Deep sleep

Front 57

Esthesi, esthesia

Back 57

Feeling, nervous sensation

Front 58

Kines, kinesi, lines is, kinesia, kinetic

Back 58

Movement

Front 59

Lepsy

Back 59

Seizure

Front 60

Lex

Back 60

Word or phrase

Front 61

Paresis

Back 61

Weakness

Front 62

Phasia

Back 62

Speech

Front 63

-plegia

Back 63

Paralysis

Front 64

Praxia

Back 64

Action

Front 65

Sthenia

Back 65

Strength

Front 66

Syncop

Back 66

To cut off

Front 67

Tax

Back 67

Order or coordination