Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Seven characteristics shared by living systems
|
1. cellular organization
2. ordered complexity 3. sensitivity 4. growth, development, reproduction 5. energy utilization 6. homeostasis 7. evolutionary adaptation |
|
homeostasis
|
all organisms maintain relatively constant internal conditions that are different from their environment
|
|
atoms
|
the smallest unit of an element that contains all the characteristics of that element; building blocks of matter
|
|
molecules
|
atoms joined together into clusters
|
|
organelles
|
specialized part of a cell; literally, a small cytoplasmic organ
|
|
cells
|
organelles within membrane-bounded units
|
|
tissues
|
a group of similar cells organized into a structural and functional unit
|
|
Hierarchical organization of living systems
|
1. the cellular level
2. the organismal level 3. the populational level 4. ecosystem level 5. emergent properties at every level 6. the biosphere |
|
organs
|
body of structure composed of several different tissues grouped in a structural and functional unit
|
|
organ systems
|
group of organs
ex: nervous systems -sensory organs |
|
population
|
a group of organisms of the same species living in the same place
|
|
species
|
all populations of a particular kind of organism together; its members similar in appearance and able to interbreed.
|
|
biological community
|
all the populations of different species living together in one place
|
|
ecosystem
|
biological community and the physical habitat within which it lives together constitutes an ecological system
|
|
emergent properties
|
the way in which components interact, and they often cannot be deduced just from looking at the parts themselves
|
|
deductive reasoning
|
applies general principles to predict specific results
|
|
inductive reasoning
|
the logic flows in the opposite direction, from the specific to the general
|
|
hypothesis
|
a suggested explanation that accounts for those observations
|
|
experiment
|
test of a hypothesis
|
|
variables
|
factor that influences a process, outcome, or obsevation
|
|
test experiment
|
one variable is altered in a known way to test a particular hypothesis
|
|
control experiment
|
he variable is left unaltered
|
|
reductionism
|
to understand a complex system by reducing it to its working parts
|
|
theory
|
proposed explanation for some natural phenomenon, often based on some general principle; the body of interconnected concepts, supported by scientific reasoning and experimental evidence, that explains the facts in some area of study.
|
|
evolution
|
genetic change in a population of organisms; in general, evolution leads to progressive change from simple to complex
|
|
artificial selection
|
change in the genetic structure of populations due to selective breeding by humans; many domestic animal breeds and crop varieties have been produced through artificial selection
|
|
natural selection
|
the differential reproduction of genotypes; caused by factors in the environment; leads to evolutionary change
|
|
homologous
|
refers to the similar structures that have the same evolutionary origin.\
|
|
analogous
|
structures that are similar in function but different in evolutionary origin, such as the wing of a bat and the wing of butterfly.
|
|
phylogenetic tree
|
a pattern of descent generated by analysis of similarities and differences among organisms. modern gene-sequencing techniques have produced phylogenetic trees showing the evolutionary history of individual genes
|
|
cell theory
|
all living organisms consist of cells
|
|
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
|
information that specifies what a cell is like - its detailed plan- is encoded in DNA a long cable like molecule
|
|
gene
|
discrete unit of information
|