Ch1 Introduction To Pharmacology

Front 1

___________is the study of drugs (chemicals) that alter functions of living organisms

Back 1

Pharmacology

Front 2

_________ Is the study called pharmacotherapy, is the use of drugs to prevent diagnose or treat signs symptoms and disease processes.

Back 2

Drug Therapy

Front 3

Drugs given for therapeutic purposes are called _____________.

Back 3

Medications

Front 4

Individual drugs that represent groups of drugs are called ____________

Back 4

Prototypes

Front 5

____________ involves the costs of drug therapy, storage and administration; laboratory and other tests used to monitor client responses and losses due to expiration.

Back 5

Pharmacoeconomics

Front 6

Designates drugs that must be prescribed by a licensed physician or nurse practitioner and dispensed by a pharmacist

Back 6

Durham Humphrey Amendment

Front 7

Regulates the manufacture, distribution advertising, and labeling of drugs

Back 7

Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1938

Front 8

Regulates the manufacture and distribution of narcotics, stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, and anabolic steroids

Back 8

Controlled Substances Act

Front 9

Often indicates the drug group

Back 9

Generic name

Front 10

Name designated the patented by the manufacturer

Back 10

Trade or Brand name

Front 11

Since 1962 Newly developed drugs have been extensively tested before being marked for general use. Clinical trails are conducted in four phases, which are given below in random order. Write the correct sequence in which they are performed in the boxes provided.

a. A few doses are given to certain number of healthy volunteers to determine safe dosages, routes of administration, absorption, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity.

b. Studies help to determine whether the potential benefits of the drug outweigh the risks.

c. A few doses are given to a certain number of subjects who have the disease or symptom for which the drug is being studied, and responses are compared with those of healthy subjects.

d. The FDA evaluates the data from the first three phases for drug safety and effectiveness, allows requires manufacturers to continue monitoring the drugs effects.

Back 11

a, c, b, d

Front 12

Medications maybe given for local effects. Give an example of a drug that exhibits its effects locally, and identify the action of the medication.

Back 12

Drugs with local effects such as sunscreen lotions and local anesthetics, act mainly at the site of application.

Front 13

Medications may be given for systemic effects. Explain the mechanism of action for a systemic medication.

Back 13

Drugs with systemic effects are taken into the body, circulated through the blood stream to their sites of action in various body tissues and eventually eliminated form the body.

Front 14

Identify the advantages of synthetic drugs

Back 14

Synthetic drugs are more standardized in their effects, and less likely to produce allergic reactions.

Front 15

Describe why biotechnology is an important source of drugs.

Back 15

The process of biotechnology involves manipulating deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) and recombining genes into hybrid molecules that can be inserted into living organisms (escherichia coli bacteria are often used) and repeatedly reproduced. Eash hybrid molecule produces a genetically identical molecule, called a clone.

Front 16

Describe the impact of cloning on biotechnology

Back 16

Cloning makes it possible to identify the DNA sequence in a gene and to produce the protein product encoded by the gene, such as insulin. Cloning also allows production of adequate amounts of the drug of therapeutic or research purposes.

Front 17

____________ is the study of drugs (chemicals) that alter functions of living organisms.

Back 17

Pharmacology

Front 18

______________ also called pharmacotherapy, is the use of drugs to prevent, diagnose, or treat signs, symptoms, and disease processes.

Back 18

Drug Therapy

Front 19

Drugs given for therapeutic purposes are called____________

Back 19

Medications

Front 20

Individual drugs that represent groups of drugs are called

Back 20

Prototypes

Front 21

_________ involves the costs of drug therapy, which include the costs of purchasing, dispensing, storage, and administration; laboratory and other tests used to monitor client responses; and losses due to expiration.

Back 21

Pharmacoeconomics

Front 22

Designates drugs that must be prescribed by a licensed physician or nurse practitioner and dispensed by a pharmacist.

Back 22

Durham Humphrey Amendment

Front 23

Regulates the manufacture distribution advertising and labeling of drugs.

Back 23

Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1938

Front 24

Regulates the manufacture and distribution of narcotics, stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, and anabolic steroids

Back 24

Controlled Substances Act

Front 25

Often indicates the drug group

Back 25

Generic name

Front 26

Name designated and patented by the manufacturer

Back 26

Trade or brand name

Front 27

Since 1962 newly developed drugs have been extensively tested before being marked for general use. Clinical trials are conducted in four phases, which are given below in random order. Write the correct sequence in order.

a. A few doses are given to a certain number of healthy volunteers to determine safe dosages, routes of administration, absorption, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity.

b. Studies help to determine whether the potential benefits of the drug outweigh the risks.

c. A few doses are given to a certain number of subjects who have the disease or symptom for which the drug is being studies, and responses are compared with those of healthy subjects.

d. The FDA evaluates the data from the first three phases for drug safety and effectiveness, allows the drug to be marketed for general use, and requires manufacturers to continue monitoring the drugs effects.

Back 27

a, c, b, d

Front 28

Medications may be given for local effects. Give an example of a drug that exhibits its effects locally, and identify the action of the medication.

Back 28

Drugs with local effects such as sunscreen lotions and local anesthetics act mainly at the site of application.

Front 29

Medication maybe given for systemic effects. Explain the mechanism for action for a systemic medication.

Back 29

Drugs with systemic effects are taken into the body circulated through the blood stream to their sites of action in various body tissues, and eventually eliminated from the body

Front 30

Identify the advantages of synthetic drugs

Back 30

Synthetic drugs are more standardized in their chemical characteristics, more consistent in their effects, and less likely to produce allergic reactions

Front 31

Identify the advantages of synthetic drugs.

Back 31

The process of biotechnology involves manipulating deoxribonucleic (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) and recombining genes into hybrid molecules that can be inserted into living organisms (Escherichia coli bacteria are often used) and repeatedly reproduced. Each hybrid molecule produces a genetically identical molecule called a clone.

Front 32

Describe why biotechnology is an important source of drugs.

Back 32

Cloning makes it possible to identify the DNA sequence in a gene, such as insulin. Cloning also allows production of adequate amounts of the drug for therapeutic or research purposes.

Front 33

The FDA approves many new drugs annually. New drugs are categorized according to their review priority and therapeutic potential. A new accelerated basis would be identified as which of the following?

a. 1P

b. 1D

c. 1A

d. 1S

Back 33

d

Front 34

The FDA approves drugs for OTC status, including the transfer of drugs from prescription to OTC status. Which of the following are characteristic of prescription drugs that are delegated to OTC status? (Select all that apply)

a. They may be administered at a higher dosage than the prescription.

b. They maybe administered at a higher dosage than the prescription.

c. They may be administered at a lower dosage than the prescription.

d. They may be used for different indications than the original prescription medication.

Back 34

b,c,d

Front 35

Having drugs available OTC has potential advantages and disadvantages for consumers. Which of the following is one of the advantages?

a. Reliable self diagnosis

b. increased diagnosis of the identified illness

c. Faster and more convenient access to effective treatment

d. reduction of possible drug interactions.

Back 35

c

Front 36

When prevention or cure is not a reasonable goal, relief of symptoms can do which of the following(Select all that apply)

a. Improve a clients quality of life.

b. Eliminate pain

c. Improve ability to function in activities of daily living.

d. decreased dependence on drugs

Back 36

a,c

Front 37

Drugs are classified according to which of the following features?

a. Name

b. Therapeutic uses

c. Side effects

d. Actions

Back 37

b

Front 38

The names of therapeutic classification usually reflect which of the following?

a. Actions of the medication

b. Conditions for which the medication is used

c. Possible averse reactions to the medications.

d. Possible generic names for the medication.

Back 38

b

Front 39

How are drugs prescribed and dispensed?

a. By generic name only

b. By trade name only

c. By prescription

d. By generic or trade name

Back 39

d

Front 40

Once a drug is patented, which of the following is true?

a. The drug may be manufactured by other companies.

b. The drug may be manufactured by other companies under a generic name.

c. The drug may not be manufactured by other companies until the patent expires.

d. The drug may be marketed by other companies.

Back 40

c

Front 41

The main goal of current drug laws and standards is to ensure which of the following?

a. That the drugs are available to all regardless of cost.

b. That drugs marked for therapeutic purposes are safe and effective.

c. That drugs are cost effective.

d. That drugs are patented.

Back 41

b

Front 42

Fill in the blank: The ____________ regulates vaccines and other biologic products.

Back 42

The Public Health Service regulates vaccines and other biologic products. The Federal Trade commission can suppress misleading advertisements of nonprescription drugs.

Front 43

What does the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and control Act regulate?

a. Classifications of narcotics

b. Acceptable diagnosis for prescription of narcotics

c. Manufacture and distribution of narcotics.

d. Abuse of narcotics

Back 43

c

Front 44

Which of the following are nurses responsible for? (select all that apply)

a. Storing controlled substances in locked containers.

b. Reporting discrepancies in narcotic inventory to the physician.

c. Recording prescribed controlled substances on medication administration records.

d. Maintaining an accurate inventory of narcotics.

Back 44

a, c, d

Front 45

Individuals and companies that are legally empowered to handle controlled substances must do which of the following? (select all that apply)

a. Keep accurate records of all transactions.

b. Be registered with the DEA

c. Be registered with the FDA

d. Maintaining an accurate inventory of narcotics.

Back 45

a,b, d

Front 46

The national institutes of Health Revitalization Act stipulates which of the following?

a. Men must be included in drug research studies.

b. Women and minorities must be included in drug research studies.

c. Animal testing must be completed prior to human drug testing.

d. Animal testing is not needed prior to human drug testing.

Back 46

b

Front 47

Since 1962, newly developed drugs have been extensively tested before being marketed for general use. To test drugs, drug companies initially do which of the following?

a. Test the drugs with animals.

b. Test the drugs with humans.

c. Test the drugs in a controlled laboratory experiment.

d. Test the drugs on volunteers.

Back 47

a

Front 48

FDA approval of a drug for OTC availability includes which of the following?

a. Analysis of the cost of the drug to the consumer.

b. Evaluation of evidence that the consumer can use the drug safely, using information on the product label.

c. Studies involving the safe use of the medication by the consumer.

d. Analysis of the diagnoses for which the medication may be used by the consumer.

Back 48

b

Front 49

Which of the following should a beginning student of pharmacology use as the primary source of drug data?

a. The internet

b. the pharmacology text

c. A drug book

d. A palm pilot

Back 49

d

Front 50

Fill in the blank: A or An _____________ is an inactive substance similar in appearance to the actual drug.

Back 50

placebo

Front 51

Which of the following is designated by the Durham Humphrey Amendment?

a. Drugs that may be administered by a nurse.

b. Drugs that may be designated as OTC

c. Drugs that must be prescribed by a licensed physician

d. Drugs that must be given in conjunction with other drugs to be effective.

Back 51

c

Front 52

Fill in the blank: The ___________ is charged with enforcing the law regarding administration of medications.

Back 52

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)