Ch.1 Anatomy Test

Front 1

Name the levels of organization

Back 1

1. Cell

2. Tissue

3. Organ

4. Organ system

5. Organism

Front 2

1. What is a cell?

Back 2

Basic unit of life

Front 3

What is the cell theory?

Back 3

- All life is composed of cells

- All cells come from pre-existing cells

Front 4

2. What is tissue?

Back 4

A group of similar cells that perform a common function

Front 5

Name the four types of tissue groups

Back 5

1. Epithelial Tissue- covers or lines

(ex. digestive tracts)

2. Connective Tissue - connect or interconnect

(ex. Blood , bone, cartilage, adipose)

3. Muscle Tissue

4. Nervous Tissue

Front 6

3. What is an organ?

Back 6

group of tissues that perform a common function(s)

Front 7

Give examples of organs

Back 7

Stomach , kidney, heart , liver, skin , small intestine, adrenal gland , ovary, testes , eyes, brain

Front 8

Which is the largest organ in the body?

Back 8

the Skin

Front 9

What organs , use up calories while sleeping?

Back 9

Liver and brain

Front 10

4. What is an organ system?

Back 10

Group of organs that perform a common function

ex. digestive system

Front 11

Give example of an organism

Back 11

Human

Front 12

What is Anatomy?

Back 12

The study of body structure

Front 13

What is the level of structural organization of the body from simplest to most complex?

Back 13

1. cellular

2. tissue

3. organ

4. organ system

5. human organism

Front 14

In adult anatomical position , the body stands?

Back 14

The body stands erect

facing forward with legs together

the arms are at the sides , with palms forward

Front 15

What are regional terms?

Back 15

The names of specific body areas

Front 16

What are the fundamental divisions of the body?

Back 16

The axial and appendicular regions

Front 17

What is the axial region?

Back 17

It makes up the main axis of the body, consists of the head , neck and trunk

Front 18

What is the trunk of the body divided into?

Back 18

Thorax (chest) , abdomen and pelvis

Front 19

What does the appendicular region of the body consist of?

Back 19

- Consists of limbs , which are also called appendages or extremities

Front 20

Name all the parts of the Axial Region

Back 20

1. Cephalic (head)

( frontal , orbital, nasal, oral , mental)

2. Cervical (neck)

3. Thoracic

( sternal, axillary, mammary)

4. Pelvic

( inguinal aka groin)

5. Pubic (genital)

Front 21

Name all the parts of Appendicular Region?

Back 21

1. Upper Limb

( acromial, brachial (arm) , antecubital, olecranal , forearm, wrist)

2. Manus (hand)

(pollex, metacarpal , palmar, digital)

3. Lower Limb

( hip, thigh, patellar, popliteal, leg , calf, fibular or peroneal)

4. Pedal (foot)

( tarsal, calcaneal, metatarsal, digital , plantar, hallux)

Front 22

What is a frontal/ coronal plane?

Back 22

Extends vertically and divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

Front 23

What is a transverse / horizontal plane?

Back 23

Runs horizontally from right to left , dividing the body into superior and inferior parts

Front 24

A transverse section is also called a ?

Back 24

Cross section

Front 25

What are sagittal planes?

Back 25

vertical-like frontal planes, but divide the body into right to left parts

Front 26

The specific sagittal plane that lies exactly in the midline is?

Back 26

the median plane or midsagittal plane

Front 27

Sagittal planes , offset from the midline are called?

Back 27

Parasagittal

Front 28

What does Superior (cranial) mean?

Back 28

Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body ; above

Front 29

What does Inferior (caudal) mean?

Back 29

Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or body; below

Front 30

What does Medial mean?

Back 30

Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of

Front 31

What does Lateral mean?

Back 31

Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of

Front 32

What does proximal mean?

Back 32

Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Front 33

What does Distal mean?

Back 33

Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Front 34

What does Anterior (ventral) mean?

Back 34

Toward or at the front of the body; in front of

Front 35

What does Posterior (dorsal) mean?

Back 35

Toward or at the back of the body

Front 36

What is superficial (external) ?

Back 36

Toward or at the body surface

Front 37

What is deep (internal) ?

Back 37

Away from the body surface; more internal

Front 38

The skin is ____ to the skeletal muscles?

Back 38

Superficial

Front 39

The lungs are ____ to the skin.

Back 39

Deep

Front 40

The head is _____ to the abdomen.

Back 40

Superior

Front 41

The vertebra is _____ to the heart.

Back 41

Posterior

Front 42

The sternum is ______ to the heart.

Back 42

Anterior

Front 43

The knee is _______ to the thigh.

Back 43

Distal

Front 44

The elbow is ______ to the wrist.

Back 44

Proximal

Front 45

The thumb is _____ to the pinky.

Back 45

Lateral

Front 46

The heart is _____ to the lungs.

Back 46

Medial

Front 47

The intestines are ______ to the liver.

Back 47

Inferior

Front 48

Directional terms allow anatomists to describe?

Back 48

Location of body structures with precision.

Front 49

The basic structures we share with all other vertebrate animals (birds, cats, rats) include?

Back 49

1. The tube-within-a-tube body plan

2. Bilateral symmetry

3. Dorsal Hollow Nerve Cord

4. Notochord & Vertebrae

5. Segmentation

6.Pharyngeal pouches

Front 50

What is a Tube-within- a tube body plan?

Back 50

- The inner tube extends from the mouth to anus and includes respiratory and digestive organs

Front 51

What is Bilateral symmetry?

Back 51

- The left half of the body is essentially a mirror image of the right half

(i.e. right & left hands, eyes and ovaries occur in pairs)

Front 52

What is Dorsal Hollow Nerve Cord?

Back 52

- All vertebrae embryos have a hollow nerve cord running along their back in the median plane

- This cord develops into the brain and spinal cord

Front 53

What is Notochord and Vertebrae?

Back 53

- The notochord is a stiffening rod in the back, just deep to the spinal cord

- In humans, a complete notochord forms in the embryo, although it is later quickly replaced by the vertebrae, the bony pieces of the vertebral column or backbone

Front 54

Define Segmentation

Back 54

- The "outer tube" of the body shows evidence of segmentation

- Segments are repeating units of similar structure that run from the head along the full length of the trunk

Front 55

In humans, what are evidence of

segmentation ?

Back 55

1. The Ribs

2. Muscle btwn Ribs

3. Nerves branching off spinal cord

4. Bony vertebral column , with its repeating vertebrae

Front 56

In the embryonic stage, the human pharynx has a set of outpocketings called?

Back 56

Pharyngeal pouches

Front 57

Pharyngeal pouches correspond to which vertebrate animal?

Back 57

Clefts btwn the gills of fish

Front 58

Pharyngeal pouches give rise to what structures?

Give examples

Back 58

- Gives rise to some structures in the head and neck

Ex: Middle Ear cavity

(which runs from ear drum to pharynx)

Front 59

What are the two large cavities within the body called?

Back 59

1. Dorsal cavities

2. Ventral cavities

Front 60

The dorsal cavity is subdivided into what two parts?

Back 60

- Cranial cavity: which lies in the skull and encases the brain

- Vertebral Cavity: which runs from the vertebral column to enclose spinal cord

, hard bony walls protect organs

Front 61

The ventral cavity is subdivided into what?

Back 61

- Thoracic cavity

(surrounded by ribs & muscles of chest wall)

- Abdominopelvic cavity

(surrounded by abdominal walls & pelvic girdle)

Front 62

The thoracic and abdominal cavities are separated from each other by?

Back 62

The diaphragm, a dome-shaped muscle used in breathing

Front 63

What are the 3 parts of the thoracic cavity?

Back 63

1. Pleural cavity: surrounds lungs, of the two lateral parts

2. Mediastinum: A central band of organs & contains heart

3. Pericardial Cavity: surrounds heart

Front 64

The abdominopelvic cavity is divided into what 2 parts?

Back 64

1. Abdominal cavity: contains liver, stomach, kidneys, & other organs

2. Pelvic Cavity: contains the bladder , some reproductive organs & rectum.

Front 65

Abdominopelvic cavity and Pelvic cavity are?

Back 65

Continous with each other and are not separated by an muscular or membranous partition.

Front 66

Many organs in the abdominopelvic cavity are surrounded by?

Back 66

Peritoneal Cavity

Front 67

What are the three serous cavities, in the Ventral Cavity?

Back 67

1. Pleural Cavity

2. Pericardial Cavity

3. Peritoneal Cavity

Front 68

Pleural cavity, Pericardial cavity and Peritoneal cavity are lined by?

Back 68

- these slitlike cavities are lined by thin membranes:

1. Parietal serosae

2. Visceral serosae

Front 69

What does serosae produce?

Back 69

a thin layer of lubricating fluid that decreases friction between moving organs

Front 70

The radius is _____ to the ulna

Back 70

Lateral

Front 71

The number of bones in the appendicular skeletion ?

Back 71

126 bones

Front 72

The number of bones in the Axial skeleton?

Back 72

180 bones

Front 73

Total of Axial and Appendicular Skeleton?

Back 73

206 bones

Front 74

Does the adult vertebral column have more or less vertebrae than the embryonic column?

Back 74

LESS

Front 75

In anatomical position, the

metacarpal II is _____ is metacarpal III ?

Back 75

Lateral

Front 76

The heart is _____ to the diaphragm.

Back 76

Superior

Front 77

The shoulder is _____ to the elbow.

Back 77

Proximal

Front 78

The vertebral region is ____ to the scapular region.

Back 78

Medial

Front 79

In anatomical position, the thumb is _____ to the index finger

Back 79

Lateral

Front 80

The toes are _____ to the heel.

Back 80

Anterior

Front 81

Inner tube (I) or outer tube (O) ?

1. Intestines

2. Lungs

3. Backbone

4. Abdominal muscles

Back 81

1.Intestines = Inner tube

2. Lungs = Inner tube

3. Backbone = outer tube

4. Abdominal Muscles = outer tube

Front 82

Is spinal cord , inner or outer tube?

Back 82

Outer tube

Front 83

Which cavity contains the heart, lungs and digestive organs?

Back 83

Ventral Cavity

Front 84

The Visceral Pericardium covers?

Back 84

Covers the surface of the heart

Front 85

The Parietal pericardium forms?

Back 85

The outer lining of Pericardium

Front 86

What is the parietal pleura line?

Back 86

It lines the wall of the thoracic cavity

Front 87

Visceral peritoneum , covers the ?

Back 87

covers the outer surface of small intestine