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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
selective attention
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the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus, as in the cocktail party effect
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cocktail party effect
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the ability to attend selectively to only one voice among many
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change blindness
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lack of awareness of happenings in their visual environment
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visual capture
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the tendency for vision to dominate the other senses
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gestalt
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an organized whole; gestalt psychologists emphasize our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful words
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figure-ground
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the organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surroundings (the ground)
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grouping
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the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups
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proximity
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grouping nearby figures together
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similarity
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grouping figures similar to each other
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continuity
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perceiving smooth, continuous patterns rather than discontinuous ones
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connectedness
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uniforming and linking objects together to form spots, lines or areas as a single unit
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closure
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filling in gaps to create a complete, whole object
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depth perception
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the ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two-dimensional; allows us to judge distance
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visual cliff
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a laboratory devise for testing depth perception in infants and young animals
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binocular cues
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depth cues, such as retinal disparity and convergence, that depend on the use of two eyes
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monocular cues
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distance cues, such as linear perspective and overlap, available to either eye alone
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retinal disparity
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a binocular cue for perceiving depth: by comparing images from the two eyeballs, the brain computes distance - the great the disparity (difference) between the two images, the closer the object
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convergence
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a binocular cue for perceiving depth; the extent to which the eyes converge inward when looking at an object
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relative size
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a monocular cue which allows one to determine how close objects are to an object of known size
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lunar illusion
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when the moon is higher in the sky, there are no known objects or frame of references to judge the moon's closeness, and thus, appears smaller and farther away
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interposition (aka occulsion)
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the overlap of the image of one object over the image of another; when this happens, we judge the image which is obscured to be behind the other image, and thus farther away
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texture gradient
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graduated change in the texture, or grain, of the visual field; texture appears less detailed as distance increases
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relative clarity
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closer objects are seen as more clear; objects further away are seen as more hazy, slightly fuzzy
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relative height
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perceiving objects higher in our field of vision to be farther away
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relative motion (motion parallax)
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as one is moving, objects that are actually stable may appear to move
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linear perspective
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parallel lines appear to converge with distance; the more lines converge, the greater their perceived distance
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light and shadow
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nearby objects reflect more light to our eyes; the dimmer one seems farther away
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phi phenomenon
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an illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in succession
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perceptual constancy
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perceiving objects as unchanging (having consistent lightness, color, shape and size) even as illumination and retinal images change
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size constancy
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perceiving objects as having a constant size, even while our distance from them varies
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lightness constancy (aka brightness constancy)
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perceiving an object as having a constant lightness even while its illumination varies
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relative luminance
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the amount of light an object reflects relative to its surroundings
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perceptional adaptation
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in vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field
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perceptual set
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a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another
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human factors psychology
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a branch of psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be adapted to human behaviors
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extrasensory perception (ESP)
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the controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input; said to include telepathy, clairvoyance and precognition
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parapsychology
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the study of paranormal phenomena, including ESP and psychokinesis
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telepathy
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mind-to-mind communication - one person sending thoughts to another or perceiving another's thoughts
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clairvoyance
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perceiving remote events, such as sensing that a friend's house is on fire
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precognition
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perceiving future events, such as a political leader's death or sporting event's outcome
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