Ch 9 Energy Balance And Weight Management Ch 10 Fitness And Nutrition

Front 1

A cell that stores fat.

Back 1

adipocyte

Front 2

A surgical procedure in which an adjustable band is placed around the upper portion of the stomach to limit the volume that the stomach can hold and the rate of stomach emptying

Back 2

adjustable gastric banding

Front 3

Delayed onset of menstruation or the absence of three or more consecutive menstrual cycles.

Back 3

amenorrhea

Front 4

basal metabolic rate (BMR

Back 4

The rate of energy expenditure under resting conditions. It is measured after 12 hours without food or exercise

Front 5

khjfv

Back 5

nmgd

Front 6

basal metabolism

Back 6

The energy expended to maintain an awake, resting body that is not digesting food.

Front 7

ghrelin

Back 7

A hormone produced by the stomach that affects food intake

Front 8

leptin

Back 8

A protein hormone produced by adipocytes that signals information about the amount of body fat.

Front 9

nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)

Back 9

The energy expended for everything we do other than sleeping, eating, or sports-like exercise

Front 10

Genes that code for proteins involved in the regulation of body fat. When they are abnormal, the result is abnormal amounts of body fat

Back 10

obesity genes

Front 11

Being too heavy for one's height, usually due to an excess of body fat. Overweight is defined as having a body mass index (ratio of weight to height squared) of 25 to 29.9 kilograms/meter2 (kg/m2)

Back 11

overweight

Front 12

he rate of energy expenditure at rest. It is measured after 5 to 6 hours without food or exercise.

Back 12

resting metabolic rate (RMR

Front 13

Adipose tissue located under the skin, which is not associated with a great increase in the risk of chronic diseases.

Back 13

subcutaneous fat

Front 14

The energy required for the digestion of food and absorption, metabolism, and storage of nutrients.

Back 14

thermic effect of food (TEF) or diet-induced thermogenesis

Front 15

The sum of basal energy expenditure, the thermic effect of food, and the energy used in physical activity, regulation of body temperature, deposition of new tissue, and production of milk

Back 15

total energy expenditure

Front 16

A body mass index of less than 18.5 kg/m2, or a body weight 10% or more below the desirable body weight standard.

Back 16

underweight

Front 17

Adipose tissue deposited in the abdominal cavity around the internal organs. High levels are associated with an increased risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, diabetes, and breast cancer.

Back 17

visceral fat

Front 18

The maximum amount of oxygen that can be consumed by the tissues during exercise. Also called maximal oxygen consumption, or VO2 max

Back 18

aerobic capacity

Front 19

Metabolism in the presence of oxygen. It can completely break down glucose to yield carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP

Back 19

aerobic metabolism

Front 20

Wasting or decrease in the size of a muscle or other tissue caused by lack of use.

Back 20

atrophy

Front 21

A compound stored in muscle that can be broken down quickly to make ATP.

Back 21

creatine phosphate

Front 22

A compound that can be converted into creatine phosphate, which replenishes muscle ATP during short bursts of activity. Creatine is a dietary supplement used by athletes to increase muscle mass and delay fatigue during short intense exercise.

Back 22

creatine

Front 23

Compounds that cause a natural euphoria and reduce the perception of pain under certain stressful conditions

Back 23

endorphins

Front 24

A substance, appliance, or procedure that improves athletic performance.

Back 24

ergogenic aid

Front 25

The combination of disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis that occurs in some female athletes, particularly those involved in sports in which low body weight and appearance are important.

Back 25

female athlete triad

Front 26

A regimen designed to increase muscle glycogen stores beyond their usual level

Back 26

glycogen supercompensation or carbohydrate loading

Front 27

Muscle cramps caused by an imbalance of sodium and potassium; may result from excessive exercise without adequate fluid and electrolyte replacement

Back 27

heat cramps

Front 28

Low blood pressure, rapid pulse, fainting, and sweating caused when dehydration decreases blood volume so much that blood can no longer both cool the body and provide oxygen to the muscles

Back 28

heat exhaustion

Front 29

Elevated body temperature as a result of fluid loss and the failure of the temperature regulatory center of the brain

Back 29

heat stroke

Front 30

An increase in the size of a muscle or organ

Back 30

hypertrophy

Front 31

The ability of a muscle group to continue muscle movement over time.

Back 31

muscle endurance

Front 32

The amount of force that can be produced by a single contraction of a muscle

Back 32

muscle strength

Front 33

The concept that the body adapts to the stresses placed on it.

Back 33

overload principle

Front 34

A temporary decrease in hemoglobin concentration that occurs during exercise training. It occurs as an adaptation to training and does not impair delivery of oxygen to tissues.

Back 34

sports anemia

Front 35

An androgenic hormone produced primarily by the adrenal glands and gonads that acts as precursor in the production of testosterone and estrogen.

Back 35

steroid precursors