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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
genetics
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the science of hereditary
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self fertilize
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sperm-carrying pollen grains released from stamens land on the egg containing carpel of the same flower
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cross fertilization
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fertilization of one plant by pollen from a different plant
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true breeding
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varieties for which self-fertilization produced offspring all identical to the parent
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hybrids
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offspring of 2 different varieties
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cross
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cross fertilization itself is reffered to as hybridization
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P generation
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true breeding parental plants
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F1 generation (f=fillial)
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offspring of the parent generation
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F2 generation
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offspring of the F1 generation
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monohybrid cross
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parent plants differ only in 1 characteristic
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alleles
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alternative version of a gene
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homozygous
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an organism that has 2 identical alleles for a gene
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heterozygous
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an organism that has 2 different alleles for a gene
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dominent allele
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allele that determines the organism's appearance
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recessive allele
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no noticable effect on the organism's appearance
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law of segregation
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a sperm or egg carries only one allele for each inherited trait because allele pairs separate from each other during the production of gametes.
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punnet square
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shows possible combinations of gametes
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phenotype
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genetics distinguish between an organism's physical traits
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genotype
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genetic makeup
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dihybrid cross
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mating parental varieties differing in 2 characteristics
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Mendel's law of independent assortment
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each pair of alleles segregates independently of the other pairs of alleles during gamete formation
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pedigree
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family tree
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carriers
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people who have one copy of the allele for a recessive disorder but don't have symptoms
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cystic fibrosis
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common, thick mucus in lungs, pancreas and other organs.
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inbreeding
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mating of close relatives
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achondroplasia
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dominant allele, form of dwarfism
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amniocentesis
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genetic testing before birth requiring the collection of fetal cells
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chorionic villus sampling
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extracts som chorionic villus tissue from placenta
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ultrasound imaging
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uses soundwaves to make a picture of fetus
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complete dominance
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the dominant allele had the same phenotypic effect whether present in one or 2 copies, BB or Bb
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incomplete dominence
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the F1 hybrids have an appearance between the 2, white carnation + red carnation= 1 red, 2 pink, 1 white
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codominent
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seen in blood, A and B alleles expressed in heterozygous individuals who have AB
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pleiotropy
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most genes influence many characteristics
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polygenic inheritance
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additive effects of 2 or more genes on a single phenotypic characteristic like skin
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chromosome theory of inheritance
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genes occupy specific loci on chromosomes undergo segregation and independent assortmednt during meisosis
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linked genes
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genes located close together on the same chromosome tend to be inherited together
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recombination frequency
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percentage of recombinants
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sex chromosomes
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designated X and Y determine a person's sex
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sex linked gene
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gene located on either sex chromosome, for males they only need the gene on one chromosome for it to show up however women need the gene on both chromosomes for it to show up.
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red-green color blindness
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common sex linked disorder characterized by a malfunction of light sensitive cells in eyes
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hemophilia
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sex linked recessive trait... bleed excessively when injured because their blood doesn't clot
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