Ch 8: The South And West Transformed

Front 1

cash crop

Back 1

crop such as cotton and tobacco that is grown not for its own use but to be sold for cash

Front 2

Farmers’ Alliance

Back 2

network of farmers’ organizations that worked for political and economic reforms in the late 1800s

Front 3

Civil Rights Act of 1875

Back 3

law that banned discrimination in public facilities and transportation

Front 4

reservation

Back 4

specific area set aside by the federal government for the Indians’ use

Front 5

Sand Creek Massacre

Back 5

1864 incident in which Colorado militia killed a camp of unarmed Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians

Front 6

Sitting Bull

Back 6

Sioux chief respected as a fighter and spiritual leader

Front 7

Battle of the Little Big Horn

Back 7

1876 battle in which the Sioux defeated U.S. troops led by Colonel George Custer

Front 8

Chief Joseph

Back 8

leader of the Nez Percés who surrendered after trying to lead a group of Indian refugees to Canada

Front 9

Wounded Knee

Back 9

1890 confrontation between U.S. cavalry and the Sioux that marked the end of Indian resistance in the Ghost Dance War

Front 10

assimilate

Back 10

to adopt the culture and civilization of the dominant group in a society

Front 11

Dawes General Allotment Act

Back 11

1887 law that divided reservation land into private family plots

Front 12

vigilante

Back 12

self-appointed law enforcer

Front 13

transcontinental railroad

Back 13

rail link between the eastern and western United States

Front 14

land grant

Back 14

land given by the federal government for building railroads

Front 15

open-range system

Back 15

system in which ranchers did not fence in their property, allowing cattle to roam and graze freely

Front 16

Homestead Act

Back 16

1862 law in which the government offered farm plots of 160 acres to anyone willing to live on the land for five years, dig a well, and build a road

Front 17

Exodusters

Back 17

African Americans who migrated from the South to the West after the Civil War