Ch 7: Stratification

Front 1

A condition in which no differences in wealth, power, prestige, or status based on nonnatural conventions exist

Back 1

Social Equality

Front 2

A two-directional relationship, following a pattern in which an original statement/thesis is countered with an antithesis leading to a conclusion that unites the strengths of the original position and the counterargument

Back 2

Dialectic

Front 3

Example: The "master-slave" visual

-Codependent relationship

-The slave is dependent on the master because the master provides food, shelter, protection

-The master depends on the slave because the slave performs the basic duties of survival (preparing his food daily)

Back 3

Example of

Dialectic

Front 4

A society commerce (ie. modern capitalist society) in which the maximization of profit is the primary business incentive

Back 4

Bourgeois Society

Front 5

Occurs when a group/person in a gate keeper position (ie. college admission office) in charge of hiring new workers, actively selects some applicants who haven't faced an even playing field, often due to racism/sexism in society

Back 5

Affirmative Action

Front 6

The notion that when more than one person is responsible for getting something done, the incentive is for each individual to evade responsibility and hopes others will pull the extra weight

Back 6

Free Rider Problem

Front 7

The idea that people can occupy locations in the class structure that falls between the "pure" classes

ie) managers-possess both the position of working class and capitalist class

Back 7

Contradictory Class Location

Front 8

A society where status and mobility are based on individual attributes, ability and achievement

Back 8

Meritocracy

Front 9

An individual's position in a stratified social order. Any measure that attempts to classify groups, individuals, families with indicators such as occupation, wealth, income, and education

Back 9

Socioeconomic Status

Front 10

Money received by a person for work, from transfers (gifts, inheritance, or government assistance) or from returns on investments

Back 10

Income

Front 11

A family/individual's net worth (that is total assets minus total debts)

Back 11

Wealth

Front 12

The rise in the trade of goods and services across national boundaries, as well as increased mobility of multinational businesses and migrant labor. The main reason for the rising income and wealth inequalities

Back 12

Globalization

Front 13

The movement between different positions within a system of social stratification in any given society

Back 13

Social Mobilty

Front 14

Refers to the rise or fall of an individual/group from one social stratum to another

Back 14

Vertical Social Mobility

Front 15

A group/individual transitioning from one social status to another situated more/less on the same thing of the ladder

Back 15

Horizontal Social Mobility

Front 16

Mobility that is inevitable from changes in the economy, caused by changes in the distribution of jobs

Back 16

Structural Mobility

Front 17

Mobility in which, if we hold fixed changing distribution of jobs, individuals trade jobs not one-to-one but in a way that ultimately balances out

Back 17

Exchange Mobility

Front 18

Approach that ranks individuals by socioeconomic status including income and educational attainment and seeks to specify the attributes characteristics of people who end up in more desirable occupations

Back 18

Status Attainment Model

Front 19

A status which one enters; voluntary status

Back 19

Achieved Status

Front 20

A status into which one is born; involuntary status

Back 20

Ascribed Status

Front 21

The notion that a change in one factor results in a corresponding change in another

Back 21

Causality

Front 22

An economically based hierarchical system characterized by cohesive, oppositional groups and somewhat loose social mobility

Back 22

Class System

Front 23

A methodology by which two or more entities, which are similar in many dimensions but differ on one in question, are compared to learn about the dimension that differs between them

Back 23

Comparative Research

Front 24

The idea that conflict between competing interest is the basic, animating force of social change and society in general

Back 24

Conflict Theory

Front 25

A systematic analysis of the content rather than the structure of a communication, such as a written work, speech or film

Back 25

Content Analysis

Front 26

Simultaneous variation in two variables

Back 26

Correlation

Front 27

The outcome that the researcher is trying to explain

Back 27

Dependent Variable

Front 28

The role of a member of a triad who intentionally drives a wedge between the other two actors in the group

Back 28

Divide et impera

Front 29

A concept conceived by W.E.B Du Bois to describe the two behavioral scripts, one for moving through the world and the other incorporating the external opinions of prejudiced onlookers, which are constantly maintained by African Americans

Back 29

Double Consciousness

Front 30

The view of social life as essentially a theatrical performance, in which we are all actors on metaphorical stages, with roles, scripts, costumes and sets

Back 30

Dramaturgical Theory

(Goffman)

Front 31

A group of two

Back 31

Dyad

Front 32

A measured factor that the researcher believes has a causal impact on the dependent variable

Back 32

Independent Variable

Front 33

Institutions and social dynamics that may seem race-neutral but actually disadvantage minority groups

Back 33

Institutionalized Racism

Front 34

A group characterized by the presence of a formal structure that mediates interaction and consequently, status differentiation

Back 34

Large Group

Front 35

One status within a set that stands out or overrides all others

Back 35

Master Status

Front 36

The process by which problems or issues not traditionally seen as medical come to be framed such as

Back 36

Medicalization

Front 37

The process of assigning a precise method for measuring a term being examined for use in a particular study

Back 37

Operationalization

Front 38

Any social network that is defined by a common purpose and has a boundary between its membership and the rest of the social world

Back 38

Organization

Front 39

Someone/something outside of oneself

Back 39

Other

Front 40

Another term for the stigmatized or less powerful group, the minority

Back 40

Out-group

Front 41

A qualitative research method that seeks to uncover the meanings people give their social actions by observing their behavior in practice

Back 41

Participant Observation

Front 42

An entire group of individual persons, objects, or items from which samples may be drawn

Back 42

Population

Front 43

Social groups, such as family or friends composed of enduring, intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved

Back 43

Primary groups

Front 44

The working class

Back 44

Proletariat

Front 45

Methods that attempt to collect information about the social world that cannot be readily converted to numeric form

Back 45

Qualitative Methods

Front 46

Methods that seek to obtain information about the social world that is already in or can be converted to numeric form

Back 46

Quantitative Methods

Front 47

A group that helps us understand or make sense of our position in society relative to other groups

Back 47

Reference Groups

Front 48

Analyzing and critically considering our own role in, and effect on, our research

Back 48

Reflexivity

Front 49

The likelihood of obtaining consistent results using the same measure

Back 49

Reliability

Front 50

A situation in which the researcher believes that A results in a change in B, but B in fact, is causing A

Back 50

Reverse Causality