Ch 7 Research Methods

Front 1

What are the 3 guidelines for choosing your participants?

Back 1

precedent, availability, and nature of the problem.

Front 2

what do you need to consider when deciding on the number of participants?

Back 2

finances, time, availability, variability.... POWER : the number of participants tested is related to the power of our statistical test.

Front 3

what decisions do you need to make about your apparatus?

Back 3

for IV presentation: the nature of the IV influences the apparatus needed.... for DV recording: sometimes both IV and DV can use same apparatus..

Front 4

In what ways can the experimenter become an extraneous variable, and how can we control for these potential effects?

Back 4

aspects of the experimenter may influence how participants respond... control technique: Constancy

Front 5

what is the rosenthal effect?

Back 5

Experimenter has certain expectations, expectations alter the experimenters behavior toward participants, & Expected response is more likely shown by participants....

Front 6

What is a single-blind experiment?

Back 6

experimenter has no idea which participants have received which treatments

Front 7

what is a double-blind experiment?

Back 7

control for demand characteristics because both experimenter and participants are unaware of which treatments are administered to which participants..

Front 8

what are demand characteristics?

Back 8

features of the experiment that inadvertently lead participants to respond in a particular manner...they may try to figure out how they are supposed to respond and then they'll behave in that manner..

Front 9

what is the good-participant effect?

Back 9

the tendency of participants to behave as they perceive the experimenter wants them to behave..

Front 10

How can demand characteristics be both extraneous and nuisance variables?

Back 10

EV if subject figures out what group they are supposed to be in and how that group should act... and NV if subject are not sure which group they best fit into..

Front 11

What are potential issues with using deception to control for demand characteristics?

Back 11

participants may still be guessing about experiment and responding to demand characteristics created by this deception..

Front 12

what is response bias?

Back 12

response bias means there are yea-sayers and nay-sayers that lead to a response set unless it is controlled

Front 13

What is the response set?

Back 13

when the experimental context or testing situation influences the participants responses...overall behavior constitutes a response set.

Front 14

how do you control the response set?

Back 14

reviewing questions and examining for any undesired cues in questions..

Front 15

What is cross cultural psychology?

Back 15

branch of psych where the goal is to determine the universality of research results

Front 16

what does Etic mean?

Back 16

finding that is same in different cultures. represents absolute truth.

Front 17

what does Emic mean?

Back 17

a culture-specific finding...truth relative to specific culture.

Front 18

What is ethnocentricity?

Back 18

other cultures viewed as extension of one's own culture...data interpreted in accord w/ values....attitudes and behaviors that define their own culture.. and in assumption the data is applicable in other cultures as well.

Front 19

How does the fundamental attribution error illustrate cross-cultural psychology?

Back 19

FAE occur more commonly in individualistic western societies than in collectivist societies.

Front 20

In what ways can culture effect your research?

Back 20

choice of research, nature of the experimental hypotheisis...selecting IV and recording DV ..

Front 21

How might culture affect your methods and analysis?

Back 21

participants & Sampling procedures, type of survey or questionaire used, cultural response set (how a certain culture responds in a certain matter.. )