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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
functions of skeletal system
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support, protection, movement, blood formation, mineral reservoir, pH balance, detoxification
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flat bones are made what type of bone
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compact
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middle layer of bone is made of what
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spongy bone-diploe
-no marrow cavity |
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the shaft/diaphysis is a compact bone that contains what
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marrow cavity/medullary cavity
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endosteum lines the shaft and is made of what
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osteopenic cells and reticular connective tissue
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what are the ends/epiphyses
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spongy bone covered with a layer of compact bone
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joint surface is covered with what
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articular cartilage
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outer layer of bone is covered with what
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periosteum
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where do osteogenic cells reside?
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endosteum, periosteum, central canals
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osteogenic cells arise from______ and give source for ________
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fibroblasts, osteoblasts
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examples of organic matter
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collagen, glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, glycoproteins
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examples of inorganic matter
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85% hydroxyapatite
10% calcium carbonate minerals |
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osteon?
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basic structural unit
-lamellae arranged around central canal holding blood vessel |
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what are the perforating/volkmann canals
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vascular canals perpendicularly joining central canals
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spongy bone has what type of bone marrow
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red
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bone marrow is found where in long and spongy bones
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medullary cavity
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hemopoietic means
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produces blood cells
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where is yellow marrow found
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long bones of adults
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what does intramembranous ossificationc do
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produces flat bones of skull and clavicle
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where does the primary ossification center form
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in center of cartilage model
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metaphysis?
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cartilagenous material that remains as growth plate b/w medullary cavity and secondary ossification centers
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what happens at zone of proliferation layer
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chondrocytes multiply forming columns of flat lacunae
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what happens at zone of bone decomposition
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chondrocytes die and each channel is filled with osteoblasts and blood vessels to form a haversian canal + osteon
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bones increase in length by ______growth
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interstitial growth
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bones increase in width by ______growth
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appositional growth
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what is minerlization
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crystalization process in which ions are removed from blood plasma and deposited in bone tissue
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ectopic ossification?
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abnormal calcification
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ion imbalances: hypocalcemia
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deficiency of blood calcium
-less calcium, sodium channels openmore easily exciting neuron |
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ion imbalances: hypercalcemia
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-excessive calcium binding to cell surface makes sodium channels less likely to open, depressing nervous system
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calcium phosphate homeostasis depends on...
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calcitriol, calcitonin, PTH
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hypocalcemia causes ...
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carpopedal spasm
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another name for activated vitamin d that behaves as a hormone
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calcitriol
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calcitonin is secreted by...
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c cells of thyroid gland when calcium conc. rises too high
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calcitonin functions...
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reduces osteoclast activity by 70%
-increases osteoblasts |
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parathyroid hormone functions:
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-osteoclast multiplication
-calcium resorption -calcitriol synthesis |
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pathological fracture
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break in a bone weakened by some other disease (bone cancer or osteoporosis)
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fracture hematoma
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broken vessels form a blood clot
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