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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Name 4 important factors to consider when creating a crash cart: |
1. transportation (easily transportable)
2. organized (labeled drawers, etc.)
3. re-stocked (check daily/weekly for expired drugs and supplies)
4. Accessories (calculator, dose charts for CPR in 5 lb increments, etc.) |
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A Basic Crash Cart should contain items in these 4 categories: |
1. airway / breathing
2. circulation
3. drugs
4. basic supplies |
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A Crash Cart should contain at least these 5 items related to air way / breathing: |
1. endotracheal tubes 2. Ambu bag 3. laryngoscope 4. stylets 5. anesthesia / O2 mask |
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A Crash Cart should contain at least these 9 items related to |
1. stethoscope 2. IV catheters 3. butterfly catheters 4. tape 5. fluid administration sets 6. fluid bags: crystalloids & colloids 7. clippers 8. surgical scrub 9. infuser bag (fluids) |
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A Crash Cart should contain the following 7 drugs plus what accessory supplies? |
1. Atropine 2. Epinephrine 3. Coricosteroids (dexamethasone, Prednisolone, methylprednisolone) 4. 2% Lidocaine (w/o epi) 5. Sodium bicarbonate 6. Calcium chloride 7. Mannitol
+ various size syringes and needles |
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Atropine: name 4 effects |
1. prevent bradycardia
2. reduce respiratory / salivary secretions
3. pre-anesthetic
4. organophosphate toxicity |
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Epinephrine:
1. Should be _________________.
2. Used in cases of _______________________ and ___________________.
3. Function (How it works) ________________________. |
1. refrigerated
2. anaphylaxis and cardiac resuscitation
3. bronchoconstrictor |
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Corticosteroids:
dexamethasone:
1. Is used in cases of _______________ and __________.
2. Functions as an ________________. |
1. shock, CNS trauma
2. antiinflammatory |
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Corticosteroids:
Solu-delta (Prednisolone Na succinate)
1. Is used in the following 4 situations:
2. Functions as an ________________. |
1. lameness, snakebite, toxemia, stressful conditions
2. antiinflammatory |
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Corticosteroids:
solumedrol (methylprednisolone):
1. Functions as an ________________. |
antiinflammatory |
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What basic supplies should be on a crash cart?
(11) |
1. various sized needles & syringes 2. tape in various sizes 3. roll gauze 4. tourniquet 5. sample collection tubes (purple top, marble, etc.) 6. PCV tubes 7. minor surgical pack 8. sterile gloves 9. scalpel blades 10. sterile drapes 11. wide ace bandages |
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Name 2 types of specialty crash carts: |
1. GVD (bloat) (Gastric dilatation and volvulus syndrome)
2. toxicosis |
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In an ER situation, what is the first thing that is treated? |
The life-threatening condition |
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Crash Plan - what does it stand for? |
C - circulation R - respiratory A - abdomen S - Spine H - head
P - pelvix L - limbs A - arteries & veins N - nerves |
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Crash Plan / CPR:
What does ABC stand for? |
A - air way (establish one)
B - breathing
C - circulation |
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When it comes to Breathing, what are 3 ER options you can use? |
1. Ambu bag
2. O2
3. CPR |
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ER: Always treat the _____________, not the _______________.
The goal is to _____________ the ______________ first. |
PATIENT, not the problem
stabilize the patient first |
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Recognizing impending arrest...
4 signs: |
1. decreased mentation
2. change / decrease in RR, depth, & pattern
3. change / decrease in PR, rhythm, quality
4. abnormal ECG rhythm |
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Recognizing the arrest...
5 signs: |
1. loss of consciousness
2. apnea or agonal breathing
3. no palpable pulse
4. no heart beat
5. dilated pupils (occurs quickly after arrest) |
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A - establishing an AIRWAY:
First 4 steps: |
1. extend head and neck
2. remove any mechanical obstruction (bone, ball, stick, etc.)
3. finger sweep for mucous, vomit (or use suction if patient is conscious)
4. mouth-to-snout rescue breathing or place endotrach tube |
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If airway cannot be unblocked, what procedure may be necessary? |
Tracheostomy |
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What can you also try on an animal to unblock the airway (we do it on people too) |
Heimlich maneuver |
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Breathing:
If patient does not resume breathing when the airway is cleared, administer ____________ ______________ breaths and check for breathing.
__________% O2 is desirable |
2 long breaths
100% O2 |
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Circulation:
In the absence of a detectable heartbeat / pulse, circulation is achieved by ______________ _____________________. |
cardiac compresssions |
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CPR Team Approach:
1. team of _____________ people is best. |
3 - 5 people |
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CPR Team Approach:
Team duties: ( 6) |
1. airway management 2. cardiac compressions 3. venous access 4. monitoring vitals / recording events 5. drug administration 6. coordination by team leader |
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Performing CPR:
Cardiac Compressions - 3 types: |
1. cardiac pump 2. thoracic pump 3. abdominal pump |
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Which type of cardiac compression should be used on small animals with a narrow chest?
Where should your hands be? |
cardiac pump
hands right over heart |
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Which type of cardiac compression should be used on LARGE animals with a DEEP/BARREL chest?
Where should your hands be?
What do you need for leverage? |
thoracic pump
hands placed at widest part of chest
HEIGHT needed for leverage
|
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Abdominal compressions direct blood from the _____________ half of the body back toward the ________. |
lower
heart |
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Thoracic compressions result in __________ blood flow from the _____________. |
forward
heart |
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TRUE or FALSE:
ER Medicine can be used as a substitute for ER medical treatment. |
False - use only until medical treatment is available. |
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Burns - what should be applied until treatment can begin? |
Cool, wet cloth |
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Choking - / upper airway obstruction:
Heimlich maneuver:
1. Small animal is held ___________.
2. Large dog is positioned _________________.
3. Apply force with fist just below ___________ in an ____________ motion (toward the _________)
4. Apply force ______________ for __________ times. |
1. upright
2. on its side
3. sternum, upward, head
4. quickly, 5 times |
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If Heimlich maneuver fails, animal may need a _________. |
Tracheostomy |
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TRUE or FALSE:
If animal is conscious and awake, it is okay to perform a finger sweep to clear airway. |
FALSE - use suction, but do no reach into the mouth of an awake animal. |
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Airway obstruction:
If you can see the object, remove it only when patient is ________________ |
unconscious |
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List 3 ways to attempt to remove obstruction from airway (besides using hands or suction) |
1. Heimlich
2. 5 thrusts between shoulder blades
3. Lift animal by hind legs and shake |
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Drowning:
Carefully approach animal with ______________________________.
|
An object it can hold onto |
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Drowning:
After removed from water, hold animal's head in a ____________ position to allow water to drain from airways. |
down |
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Drowning:
May need to perform |
CPCR |
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Drowning:
other concerns? What to monitor? |
hypothermia
temperature |
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Eye injuries:
Two initial steps: |
1. keep animal from rubbing eye
2. rinse debris, foreign materials, chemicals with saline solution |
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Eye injuries:
Should you attempt to remove objects penetrating the globe? |
NO |
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If an animal's eye is proposed, what should you tell the owner to do on the way to vet? |
use a wet washcloth and place over eye |
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Fading puppy / kitten:
What should you do (3 things) |
1. keep them warm
2. keep them dry
3. rub Karo syrup on gums |
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Heat exhaustion / stroke:
2 things you should do:
1 thing you should NOT do: |
DO:
1. cover w/cool, wet towels for transport or bathe in tepid water
2. rubbing alcohol to footpads
DON'T:
Do not douse with cold water |
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Hypothermia / Frostbite:
How to warm animal's body? (2)
How to warm frostbitten areas? |
rub vigorously and wrap in warm blanket.
Feet, ear tips - gently warmed in warm water |
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Snake bite:
DOs & DON'Ts |
DO: seek vet treatment immediately
DO NOT:
|
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Seizures:
DOs & DON'Ts |
DO: move objects that may harm animal out of way place something soft under head have animal examined, obtain history
DO NOT: reach into or near mouth |
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Handling an injured animal:
2 things to do how to handle cats how to handle dogs |
1. ensure accident scene is safe for animal and handlers so additional trauma doesn't occur (ex. remove HBC animal from road)
2. approach gently & quietly
3. Cats - toss a blanket or large towel over them and scoop up
4. Dogs - muzzle before handling (rope, shoelace, tie, belt, cloth, etc.) |
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Handling injured animals when spinal injury is suspected: |
dogs can be taped or tied to a piece of stiff cardboard and carried (if they can't stand or walk) |
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Never force an injured animal to lie down...why? |
It may have trouble breathing when on its side. |
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Penetrating wound to chest or abdomen:
(2) |
1. Do not remove the object
2. wrap area with towel / sheet and transport immediately |
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Fractured limb:
What should you / owner do prior to transporting animal? |
Create a splint
(use rolled newspaper, magazine, tongue depressor, etc.) |
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Bleeding wounds:
(2) |
1. apply and hold pressure (use towel, sheet, gauze pad, etc.)
2. DO NOT REMOVE whatever you are using to apply pressure - ALWAYS ADD A LAYER TOO IT, NEVER TAKE IT AWAY (you will tear off the platelets) |
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Toxicities:
Call the... |
Animal Poison Control Center
www.ASPCA.org
Treat toxicity ASAP, according to book / chart |
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Triage: define |
Classifying patients and their medical problems according to the urgency of their situation
Continually re-evaluating their status |
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What are the Triage Classifications? |
First priority
Second priority
Third priority
Fourth Priority |
|
Define First Priority Triage:
Examples (6) |
1. major bleeding 2. breathing difficulty 3. altered mentation 4. shock 5. toxicosis 6. dystocia |
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Define Second Priority Triage:
Examples (5) |
1. Hx of major trauma 2. Hx of unsuccessful urination / blockage 3. vomiting 4. diarrhea 5. severe dehydration |
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Define Third Priority Triage:
Examples (4) |
1. fever 2. lacerations 3. vomiting 4. diarrhea |
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Define Fourth Priority Triage |
Patient is completely stable Needs evaluation but not urgently |
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Initial contact with client:
Be able to recognize an ______________.
Give advice re: ________ and ___________. |
emergency
first aid & transport |
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Triage: Primary survey -
1. Who determines degree of urgency?
2. Use the _____________'s of emergencies
3. Include _______________ team |
1. Triage team
2. ABC's
3. neurologic |
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Triage:
Check everything: (6) |
1. RR 2. HR 3. Pulse 4. temp 5. CRT 6. MMs |
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Colors of triage:
Green = Yellow = Red = Black = |
Green = minor injuries Yellow = delayed, non-life threatening injuries Red = critical, life-threatening injuries Black = deceased |