Ch. 6 Digestive System

Front 1

Gastroenterologists

Back 1

dr's who treat diseases & disorders of digestive system

aka: GI system

Front 2

Endoscopy

Back 2

use of a flexible, lighted instrument to examine organs of digestive system & is used to inspect the esophagus, stomach, intestines and bile ducts

Front 3

primary function

Back 3

break down food, prepare it for absorption, and eliminate waste

Front 4

GI tract or Alimentary Canal includes:

Back 4

esophagus, stomach, intestines, and accessory organs: liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

Front 5

dent/o

Back 5

mouth

Front 6

odont/o

Back 6

mouth

Front 7

gingiv/o

Back 7

gum(s)

Front 8

gloss/o

Back 8

tongue

Front 9

lingu/o

Back 9

tongue

Front 10

or/o

Back 10

stomach

Front 11

stomat/o

Back 11

stomach

Front 12

ptyal/o

Back 12

saliva

Front 13

sial/o

Back 13

saliva, salivary gland

Front 14

dent/ist

Back 14

specialist who diagnoses & treats diseases & disorders of oral cavity (teeth and gums)

Front 15

orth/odont/ist

Back 15

dental specialist in prevent & correction of abnormally positioned or misaligned teeth

Front 16

gingiv/itis

Back 16

inflammation of gums

Front 17

hypo/gloss/al

Back 17

pertaining to under tongue

Front 18

sub/lingu/al

Back 18

under tongue

Front 19

or/al

Back 19

pertaining to mouth

Front 20

stomat/o/pathy

Back 20

condition of excessive salivation

Front 21

sial/o/rrhea

Back 21

excessive flow of saliva; aka hypersalivation or ptyalism

Front 22

pylor/o

Back 22

pylorus

Front 23

pylor/o/tomy

Back 23

incision of pylorus (sphincter in lower portion of stomach)

Front 24

-orexia:

Back 24

eating

Front 25

-pepsia:

Back 25

digestion

Front 26

-phagia

Back 26

swalling, eating

Front 27

an/orexia

Back 27

loss of appetite

Front 28

dys/pepsia

Back 28

w/o digestion; painful or difficult digestion; aka indigestion

Front 29

dys/phagia

Back 29

difficulty swallowing or eating

Front 30

what are the 3 salivary glands and their function?

Back 30

sublingual, sumandibular gland & parotid-secrete saliva

Front 31

-ism:

Back 31

condition of

Front 32

maxill/o

Back 32

jaw

Front 33

enter/o/logist

Back 33

speicalist who treats intestinal disorders

Front 34

BM

Back 34

bowel movement

Front 35

FBS

Back 35

fasting blood sugar

Front 36

`dx

Back 36

diagnosis

Front 37

GI

Back 37

gastrointestinal

Front 38

peri/odont/ist

Back 38

treats abnormal conditions of tissue surrounding the teeth, including gums & bones

Front 39

peristalsis

Back 39

rhythmic muscle contractions that food is propelled by through the GI tract

Front 40

chyme

Back 40

when gastr/ic juices in the stomach coupled w/mechanical churning turn the bolus into a semiliquid mass

Front 41

diodenum

Back 41

small inestine

Front 42

PUD

Back 42

peptic ulcer disease

Front 43

PUD is.....

Back 43

a condition in which the lining of the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum is eroded, usually from infection w/helicobater Pylori bacteria

Front 44

duoden/al ulcers

Back 44

peptic ulcers that occur in small intestine

Front 45

esophageal ulcers

Back 45

ulcers in esophagus

Front 46

gastric ulcers

Back 46

ulcers in stomach

Front 47

muc/oid

Back 47

resembling mucus

Front 48

-plasty

Back 48

surgical repair

Front 49

esophag/o/plasty

Back 49

surgical repair of esophaus

Front 50

gastr/o/oplasty

Back 50

surgical repair of stomach

Front 51

-tome

Back 51

instrument to cut

Front 52

-tomy

Back 52

incision

Front 53

hemat/emesis

Back 53

vomiting blood

Front 54

jejun/o

Back 54

jejunum (2nd part of small intestine)

Front 55

ile/o

Back 55

ileium (3rd part of small intestine)

Front 56

appendic/o

Back 56

appendix

Front 57

col/o

Back 57

colon

Front 58

proct/o

Back 58

anus, rectum

Front 59

sigmoid/o

Back 59

sigmoid colon

Front 60

enter/o

Back 60

intestine

Front 61

enter/o/pathy

Back 61

any intestine disease

Front 62

jejun/o/rrhapy

Back 62

suture of jejenum

Front 63

ile/o/stomy

Back 63

incision of ileum & creation of a permanent opening

Front 64

col/o/stomy

Back 64

creation of an opening b/w colon & abdominal wall

Front 65

proct/o/logist

Back 65

physician who specializes in treating disorders of colon, rectum & anus

Front 66

rect/o/cele

Back 66

herniation or protusino of rectum

Front 67

enter/al

Back 67

pertaining to intestine

Front 68

cholangi/o

Back 68

bile vessel

Front 69

chol/e

Back 69

bile, gall

(using CF e instead of O is an exception to rule)

Front 70

cholecyst/o

Back 70

gallbladder

Front 71

choledoch/o

Back 71

bile duct

Front 72

hepat/o

Back 72

liver

Front 73

pancreat/o

Back 73

pancreas

Front 74

cholangi/ole

Back 74

small terminal portion of bile duct

Front 75

chol/e/lith

Back 75

gallstone

Front 76

choledoch/o/tomy

Back 76

incision of common bile duct

Front 77

hepat/itis

Back 77

inflammation of liver

Front 78

-prandial

Back 78

meal

Front 79

post/pradinal

Back 79

after meal

Front 80

what are the 3 accessory organs of digestion?

Back 80

liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Front 81

hepatitis B

Back 81

most common in hospitals

Front 82

what are the 4 ducts responsible for transporting juices?

Back 82

hepatic duct, cystic duct, pancreatic duct & common bile duct

Front 83

cholecystis medical name for......:

Back 83

gallbladder

Front 84

bil/i/ary

Back 84

pertaining to bile organ

Front 85

ERCP

Back 85

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Front 86

ESWL

Back 86

extracorpeal shock wave lithotripsy

Front 87

IBD

Back 87

irritable bowel disease

Front 88

LES

Back 88

lower esophageal sphincter

Front 89

NG

Back 89

nasogastric

Front 90

RGB

Back 90

roux-en-Y gastric bypass

Front 91

antacids

Back 91

neutralize acids in stomach

Front 92

antidiarrheals

Back 92

control loose stool and relieve diarrhea by absorbing excess water in bowel or slowing peristalsis in intestinal tract

Front 93

antiemetics

Back 93

control nausea/vomiting by blocking nerve impulses to vomiting cnter of brain

Front 94

laxatives

Back 94

relieve constipation & facilitate passage of feces through lower GI tract

Front 95

ascites

Back 95

abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in peritoneal cavity

Front 96

borborygmus

Back 96

gurgling or rumbling sound heard over the large intestine caused by gas moving through intestines

Front 97

cirrhosis

Back 97

chronic liver deases characterized by destruction of liver cells that eventualy leads to ineffective liver function and jaundice

Front 98

celiac disease

Back 98

disorder that damages the lining of the small intestine in response to gluten (protein found in barley, oats, & wheat) ingestion, which results in malabsorption of nutrients

Front 99

diverticular disease

Back 99

condition in which bulging pouches (diverticula) in GI tract push the mucosal lining through the surrounding muscle

Front 100

dysentery

Back 100

inflammation fo intestine, especially of colon, which may be caused by chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, or parasites

Front 101

fistula

Back 101

abnormal passage from one organ to another or from a hollow organ to the surface

Front 102

GERD

Back 102

backflow (reflux) of gastric contents into esophagus due to malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

Front 103

hematochezia

Back 103

passage of stools containing bright red blood

Front 104

hemorrhoid

Back 104

mass of enlarged, twisted, varicose veins in the mucous membrane inside (internal) or just outside (external) the rectum; also known as piles

Front 105

hernia

Back 105

protrustion or projection of an organ or a part of an organ through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it

Front 106

IBD

Back 106

ulceration of colon mucosa

Front 107

crohn disease

Back 107

chronic IBD that usually affects the ileum but may affect any portion of the intestinal tract

Front 108

ulcerative colitis

Back 108

chronic IBD of the colon characterized by episodes of diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and pain

Front 109

IBS

Back 109

condition characterized by gastrointestinal signs and sx, including constipation, diarrhea, gas, and bloating, all in the absence or organic pathology; also called spastic colon

Front 110

obesity

Back 110

condition in which a person accumulates an amount of fat that exceeds the body's skeletal & physical standards, usually an increase of 20% or more above ideal body weight

Front 111

morbid obesity

Back 111

more severe obesity in which a person has a BMI of 40% or greater, which is generally 100 or more lbs over ideal body weight

Front 112

pancreatitis

Back 112

inflammation or infection of the pancreas that occurs when pancreatic enzymes that digest food are activated in pancreas instead of duodenum and attack pancreatic tissue, causing damage to gland

Front 113

peritonitis

Back 113

bacterial or fungal infection of peritoneum that can result from any rupture (perforation) in abodmen or as a complication of other medical conditions

Front 114

polyp

Back 114

small, stalklike growth that resembles a mushroom and protrudes upward or outward from a mucous membrane surface

Front 115

volvulus

Back 115

twisting of bowel on itself, causing obstruction

Front 116

barium enema (BE)

Back 116

Radiographic exam of rectum and colon after administration of barium into rectum; also called lower GI series

Front 117

barium swallow

Back 117

radiographic exam of esophaus, stomach, and small intestine after oral administration of barium; also called upper GI series

Front 118

stool guaiac

Back 118

lab test performed on feces to detect the presence of blood in stool that's not apparent in visual inspection; also called Hemoccult test