Ch. 6 Bone/ Bone Formation

Front 1

What is ossification?

Back 1

Formation of the bone

Front 2

What are the two types of ossification?

Back 2

1. Intermembranous

2. Endochondral

Front 3

Where is Intermembranous ossification usually found?

Back 3

usually found in formation of flat bones or parts of bone that are flat

(fibrous)

Front 4

Give 5 examples of flat bones

Back 4

ex.1 Glabella

ex.2 Parietal Bone

ex.3 Temporal Bone (squamous portion)

ex.4 sternum

ex.5 frontal bone

Front 5

Bone forms between what?

Back 5

Bones form between Fibrous sheets

Front 6

What ossification is the most common?

Back 6

Endochondral ossification

(cartilaginous)

Front 7

What is a perichondrium?

Back 7

known as Fibrous outercoat , even though it contains cartilage , in 1st stage of endochondral ossification

Front 8

What coat forms in 2nd stage of endochondral osssifcation?

Back 8

- PERIOSTUEM

double-layered protective outermembrane; Outer fibrous layer is dense regular connective tissue

- Richly supplied with nerve fibers, blood, and lymphatic vessels, which enter the bone via nutrient foramina; Secured to underlying bone by Sharpey's fibers

Front 9

1st stage of Endochondral ossification?

Back 9

*Ossification Starts with a hyaline cartilage model

- Perichondrium: fibrous outercoat

- little arm on distal end

- cartilage template in middle

Front 10

2nd stage of Endochondral ossification?

Back 10

* coat is now called Periostem instead of Perichondrium , b/c of the blood penetrating

- In the diaphysis, the perichondrium is infiltrated with blood vessels, becoming a vascularized periosteom

Front 11

3rd Stage of Endochondral ossification?

Back 11

- A nutrient artery penetrates near the center of the diaphysis (primary ossification center) through the bone collar and into the cartilage model.

- cartilage is avascular but as it gets bigger , bone needs blood supply

Front 12

4th stage of Endochondral ossification?

Back 12

Front 13

5th stage of Endochondral ossification?

Back 13

Secondary ossification centers appear in the cartilaginous epiphyses shortly after birth

- spongy bone is formed

- compact bone is formed

- articular cartilage also

Front 14

identify spongy and compact bone

Back 14

Front 15

identify articular cartilage

Back 15

Front 16

identify epiphysis and diaphysis

Back 16

- Epiphysis ( is where secondary ossification was)

- Diaphysis ( is where is primary ossification was)

Front 17

What is an osteon?

Back 17

basic unit of compact bone

Front 18

What is the endosteum of an osteon?

Back 18

inside coat

Front 19

identify periosteum of osteon

Back 19

inner layer and outer layer

Front 20

what is part of the true osteon?

Back 20

the cylinders

Front 21

identify

Back 21

1. Spongy bone

2. compact bone

3. articular cartilage

Front 22

identify 8

Back 22

Medullary cavity

Front 23

identify 1, 5, 6, 7, 8

Back 23

1. Haversian (center) canal: where blood supply mainly comes from

5. Lamella (e): rings that go around

6. Osteocyte : blue inside lacuna , trapped forever

7. Lacuna (e): little cavities / space that is oval shaped fits osteocyte , btwn lamellae

8. Canalculi: extend like spider legs , small blood vessels that help move blood & interconnect lacuna

Front 24

In center of cylinder of osteon what is found?

Back 24

Blood vessel

Front 25

Interconnectons between adjacent osetons are accomplished by what structures?

Back 25

Volkmann's canal

Front 26

How many phalanges are in each hand?

Back 26

14 phalanges in each hand

Front 27

How about how many phanlanges total in both hands?

Back 27

28 in all

Front 28

The distal end of the humerus has?

Back 28

epicondyles

Front 29

Total number bones in the appendicular skeleton?

Back 29

126 bones

Front 30

Which is the largest?

A. Lesser tubercle

B. Greater tubercle

C. conoid tubercle

Back 30

B. Greater tubercle

Front 31

How many bones are in carpals in the entire body?

Back 31

16 carpals

Front 32

How many total bones of phalanges are in the entire body?

Back 32

56

Front 33

How many metacarpals are there in total in the entire body?

Back 33

10

Front 34

Ossification what kind of transition ?

Back 34

A Gradual transition from a fibrous or cartilaginous template to bone

Front 35

Ossification is completed when?

Back 35

Takes place at different rates and is completed at different ages depending on site of ossification

Front 36

What is Intermembranous ossification?

Back 36

This is the less common form of bone formation, being limited primarily to the flat bones of the skull such as the parietal, parts of the temporal, and parts of the maxilla.

Front 37

In Intermembranous ossification , the bone is deposited between ?

Back 37

Two fibrous membranes

Front 38

intermembranous ossification's formation , results in the bone being?

Back 38

The bone formed in this way is normally quite porous and does not display the Haversian System of other bones.

Front 39

What happens in Endochondral ossification?

Back 39

In this type of bone formation a cartilage template, surrounded by the perichondrium, is entered by blood vessels to begin the process

Front 40

As the template grows, Endochondral ossification begins in the central portion of the template, which will become?

Back 40

The diaphysis

Front 41

The area of the diaphysis , is also known as?

Back 41

primary ossification center

Front 42

After Primary ossification center is developed, what happens next during Endochondral ossification ?

Back 42

secondary ossification centers are formed, which are located in the epiphyses (proximal and distal ends of the bone)

Front 43

Once the template has begun to grow, the perichondrium is referred to as

Back 43

Periosteum

Front 44

During endochondral ossification, the area between the primary and secondary ossification centers that remains cartilage is called the? And is an example of?

Back 44

epiphyseal plate and is an example of a synchondrosis

Front 45

The final ossification of epiphyseal plates takes place?

Back 45

gradually and is completed at different chronological ages.

Front 46

Haversian Systems develop in ?

Back 46

compact bone

Front 47

Within the spongy bone,

the Haversian systems ?

Back 47

Do not form!

Front 48

This more porous bone is also known as ?

Back 48

cancellous bone.

Front 49

Often the epiphyses of bones that form part of an articulation are capped by an area of cartilage. This is the ?

Back 49

articular surface or articular cartilage.

Front 50

Osteocytes are found in?

Back 50

Lacuna

Front 51

What is the cartilaginous joint between primary and secondary ossification centers?

Back 51

Epiphyseal Plate

Front 52

The shaft of a long bone is properly called the?

Back 52

Diaphysis

Front 53

The circular layers of bone around the haversian canal are called?

Back 53

Lamella

Front 54

What is a suture?

Back 54

A fibrous synarthrotic joint

Front 55

What is Process?

Back 55

Projection for the attachment of muscle

Front 56

What is Foramen ?

Back 56

Hole through a single bone

Front 57

What is Foramina?

Back 57

Holes through a single bone

Front 58

What is condyle?

Back 58

rounded projection for articulation

Front 59

What is Fossa?

Back 59

Depression

Front 60

Most veretebrae are found in what region?

Back 60

Thoracic

Front 61

The dens is part of which vertebra?

Back 61

C-2

Front 62

How many bones in the axial skeleton?

Back 62

180

Front 63

how many bones total in the whole body?

Back 63

206

Front 64

How many bones in the appendicular skeleton?

Back 64

180

Front 65

Facets are found on all thoracic vertebrae?

t/f

Back 65

TRUE

Front 66

How many ethmoid bones?

Back 66

1

Front 67

How many lumbar vertebrae, in the entire body?

Back 67

5

Front 68

How many false ribs, in the entire body?

Back 68

10

Front 69

A small rounded depression on a bone that is meant for articulation is called?

Back 69

Fossa

Front 70

What is a tubercle?

Back 70

Small Projection

Front 71

What is a meatus?

Back 71

canal

Front 72

Define trochanter

Back 72

Large projection for muscle attachment